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Immunological mechanisms of sublingual immunotherapy.

机译：舌下免疫疗法的免疫机制。

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摘要

Administration of allergen-specific immunotherapy by the oral route, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), has been shown to be effective, with an improved safety profile compared with subcutaneous administration. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the induction of immune tolerance by SLIT remain unclear. Contact of the allergen with the antigen-presenting cells in oral mucosa is likely to be critical. Mucosal Langerhans cells can capture the allergen and transport it to local lymph nodes, which may favour the induction of T lymphocytes that suppress the allergic response. In addition, the production of blocking IgG4 antibodies and the involvement of mucosal B cells appear to play a role. There is a growing evidence to support the role of regulatory T cells in controlling the development of asthma and allergic disease. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of firm evidence that SLIT induces regulatory T cells, although preliminary in vitro data suggest that SLIT may increase interleukin-10, which has aclear role in suppressing the allergic immune response. Further studies are required to determine the involvement of regulatory T cells, the role of different dendritic cell subsets, mucosal B cells as well as the potential use of adjuvants during SLIT.
机译：经口服途径的变应原特异性免疫疗法，舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）已被证明是有效的，与皮下给药相比，安全性得到改善。然而，SLIT诱导免疫耐受的确切机制尚不清楚。过敏原与口腔粘膜中抗原呈递细胞的接触可能很关键。黏膜朗格汉斯细胞可以捕获过敏原并将其运输到局部淋巴结，这可能有助于诱导抑制过敏反应的T淋巴细胞。另外，阻断性IgG4抗体的产生和粘膜B细胞的参与似乎也起作用。越来越多的证据支持调节性T细胞在控制哮喘和过敏性疾病发展中的作用。然而，尽管初步的体外数据表明SLIT可能会增加白细胞介素10（IL-10在抑制变态免疫反应中具有明显作用），但仍缺乏确凿的证据表明SLIT会诱导调节性T细胞。需要进一步研究以确定调节性T细胞的参与，不同树突状细胞亚群的作用，粘膜B细胞以及SLIT期间佐剂的潜在用途。

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