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The use of minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

机译:利用微创生物标志物进行肝细胞癌的诊断和预后

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摘要

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in systemic therapies, patient survival remains low due to late diagnosis and frequent underlying liver diseases. HCC diagnosis generally relies on imaging and liver tissue biopsy. Liver biopsy presents limitations because it is invasive, potentially risky for patients and it frequently misrepresents tumour heterogeneity. Recently, liquid biopsy has emerged as a way to monitor cancer progression in a non-invasive manner. Tumours shed content into the bloodstream, such as circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles and proteins, that can be isolated from biological fluids of patients with HCC. These biomarkers provide knowledge regarding the genetic landscape of tumours and might be used for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. In this review, we summarize recent literature on circulating biomarkers for HCC, namely CTCs, circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), RNA, extracellular vesicles and proteins, and their clinical relevance in HCC.
机译:肝细胞癌(HCC)是全世界癌症相关死亡的常见原因。尽管系统疗法进展,但由于晚期诊断和频繁的肝脏疾病,患者存活率仍然低。 HCC诊断通常依赖于成像和肝组织活检。肝活组织检查呈现限制,因为它是侵入性的,患者可能危险,并且它经常歪曲肿瘤异质性。最近,液体活组织检查是以非侵入性方式监测癌症进展的一种方式。肿瘤血液含量进入血液中,例如循环肿瘤细胞(CTC),循环核酸,细胞外囊泡和蛋白质,其可以与HCC患者的生物液中分离。这些生物标志物提供了关于肿瘤遗传景观的知识,并且可以用于诊断或预后目的。在本文中,我们总结了最近关于HCC的生物标志物的文献,即CTC,循环肿瘤DNA(CTDNA),RNA,细胞外囊泡和蛋白质,以及它们在HCC中的临床相关性。

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