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In defense of dignity: Reflections on the moral function of human dignity

机译：捍卫尊严：对人类尊严道德函数的思考

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摘要

This paper defends human dignity in two ways. First, by confronting the criticism that human dignity does not serve an important function in contemporary moral discourse and that its function can be sufficiently performed by other moral terms. It is argued that this criticism invites a danger of moral reductionism, which impoverishes moral discourse. The authority of moral philosophy to correct widely shared moral intuitions, rooted in experiences of grave injustices and wrongs, is questioned. Secondly, dignity is defended by showing what is needed to uphold it, both in theory and practice. It is argued, and demonstrated through examples, that human dignity as a universal value ascribed to human beings and the virtue of dignified action are intimately related. This is fleshed out in terms of Kant's analysis of respect in the practical sense and of virtue as a commitment to the value of dignity as a constitutive end of our moral order. It is furthermore argued that theoretical attempts to ground respect for dignity in human capacities lead to a moral impasse. It is necessary to act as if every human being is worthy of respect. This practical approach requires institutions and specified moral obligations that are integral to the democratic ethos and the rule of law, which guarantees the equal status of human beings. This practical task requires that we consistently tease out and act on the implications of these principles rather than seek deeper justification for the equal worth of humans, articulated in the term human dignity.
机译：本文以两种方式捍卫人类尊严。首先，通过面对当代道德话语中的重要职能的批评，其功能可以通过其他道德术语充分执行。有人认为，这种批评邀请道德减速主义的危险，这使得道德话语变得贫困。道德哲学的权威，以纠正广泛共同的道德直觉，植根于严重不公正和错误的经历，受到质疑。其次，尊严是通过显示在理论和实践中维护它所需的东西来辩护。据称，通过例子证明，人类尊严作为归因于人类的普遍价值和尊严的行动的德语密切相关。在康德对实际意义的尊重分析方面，这是充实的，因为尊重对尊严的价值作为道德秩序的组成态度的承诺。还有人认为，对人类能力中尊严的理论态度导致道德僵局。有必要充当每个人都值得尊重。这种实用的方法需要机构和特定的道德义务，这些道德义务与民主主义的民主主义和法治，保证了人类的平等地位。这种实际任务要求我们一直挑剔和对这些原则的影响行事，而不是为术语人尊严而阐明的平等价值的更深层次的理由。

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