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Nitric oxide and tumor metabolic reprogramming

机译：一氧化氮和肿瘤代谢重编程

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摘要

Nitric oxide (NO) has been highlighted as an important agent in tumor processes. However, a complete understanding of the mechanisms by which this simple diatomic molecule contributes in tumorigenesis is lacking. Evidence is rapidly accumulating that metabolic reprogramming is a major new aspect of NO biology and this review is aimed to summarize recent research progress on this novel feature that expands the complex and multifaceted role of NO in cancer. Therefore, we discuss how NO may influence glucose and glutamine utilization by tumor cells, and its participation in the regulation of mitochondrial function and dynamics, that is an important mechanism through which cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet the biosynthetic needs of rapid proliferation. Finally, we also discuss the NO-related metabolic rewiring involved in the modification of the tumor microenvironment to support cancer invasion and the escape from immune system-mediated recognition. Protein S-nitrosylation appears as a common mechanism by which NO signaling reprograms metabolism. Hence, future research is needed on dysregulated S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation in cancer to comprehend the NO-induced metabolic changes in tumor cells and the role of NO in the metabolic crosstalk within tumor microenvironment.
机译：已经突出了一氧化氮（NO）作为肿瘤过程中的重要试剂。然而，缺乏对这种简单的硅藻分子贡献的机制的完全理解缺乏。证据迅速积累，代谢重编程是没有生物学的主要新方面，本综述旨在总结最近在这一新颖特征上的研究进展，这些功能扩大了癌症中不含癌症的复杂和多方面的作用。因此，我们讨论如何影响肿瘤细胞的葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺利用，以及其参与线粒体功能和动力学的调控，这是癌细胞重新编程其新陈代谢以满足快速增殖的生物合成需要的重要机制。最后，我们还讨论了无效的代谢再次兴奋，参与了肿瘤微环境的改性，以支持癌症入侵和免疫系统介导的识别的逃避。蛋白质S-亚硝基化物作为一种常见的机制，通过该机制没有信号传导重新编程代谢。因此，需要对癌症中的失调的S-亚硝基化/脱氮化进行未来的研究，以了解肿瘤细胞的无诱导的代谢变化以及NO在肿瘤微环境中的代谢串扰中的作用。

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