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首页> 外文期刊>Biochemical Pharmacology >Small molecules for great solutions: Can nitric oxide-releasing nanomaterials overcome drug resistance in chemotherapy?
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Small molecules for great solutions: Can nitric oxide-releasing nanomaterials overcome drug resistance in chemotherapy?

机译：较大溶液的小分子：可以一氧化氮释放纳米材料克服化疗中的耐药性吗？

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous free radical that controls important physiological and pathophysiological processes, including a role in cancer biology. NO can have a direct toxic effect on tumors, or it can sensitize cancer cells and contribute to the reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR). As NO is a gas and free radical, NO donors have been investigated for their anticancer effects. In recent years, the combination of NO donors with nanomaterials has been emerging as a promising strategy to promote spatial-temporal NO release/generation directly at the target site of application (tumor tissue). Smart nanocarriers that are able to release NO under controlled stimuli have been extensively developed. Moreover, important publications have demonstrated the promising applications of NO-releasing nanomaterials in combination with traditional chemotherapies in which NO can sensitize cancer cells. In this direction, this review presents and discusses the recent progress in the design of versatile nanocarriers that are able to release/generate therapeutic amounts of NO and which can be combined with conventional anticancer therapies. These nanocarriers have the ability to release NO on-demand by external stimuli such as pH, wave, or light exposure. In addition, the possible mechanisms of NO in sensitizing tumor tissue and the impact and challenges of nanomaterials in cancer treatment are also presented and discussed. The biological and pharmacological aspects of NO donors in cancer are discussed. Finally, challenges and perspectives in the development of versatile nanoplatforms to efficiently deliver NO in clinical cancer treatment are highlighted.
机译：一氧化氮（NO）是一种内源性自由基，可控制重要的生理和病理生理过程，包括在癌症生物学中的作用。否可对肿瘤产生直接的毒性效果，或者它可以敏感癌细胞并有助于多药抗性的逆转（MDR）。由于瓦斯和自由基，因此没有针对它们的抗癌效果进行调查。近年来，没有纳米材料的任何供体的组合已经出现为促进在施用靶点（肿瘤组织）的靶位点（肿瘤组织）的促进空间暂时没有释放/产生的有希望的策略。能够广泛开发能够在受控刺激下释放不释放的智能纳米载波。此外，重要的出版物已经证明了无释放纳米材料与传统化疗组合的有前途的应用，其中不可能敏化癌细胞。在这个方向上，本综述提出并讨论了能够释放/生成治疗量的通用纳米载体设计的最新进展，并且可以与常规抗癌疗法结合。这些纳米载体具有通过外部刺激的不需要释放的能力，例如pH，波浪或曝光。此外，还介绍并讨论了肿瘤组织致敏肿瘤组织的可能机制以及纳米材料中纳米材料的影响和挑战。讨论了癌症中没有供体的生物学和药理学方面。最后，突出了挑战和观点在临床癌症治疗中有效地释放出在临床癌症治疗中的多功能纳米片。

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