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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America >Regional-Scale 3D Ground-Motion Simulations of M-w 7 Earthquakes on the Hayward Fault, Northern California Resolving Frequencies 0-10 Hz and Including Site-Response Corrections
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Regional-Scale 3D Ground-Motion Simulations of M-w 7 Earthquakes on the Hayward Fault, Northern California Resolving Frequencies 0-10 Hz and Including Site-Response Corrections

机译：M-W 7地震的区域规模3D地面运动模拟在海沃德断层，北加州解决频率0-10 Hz，包括网站响应校正

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摘要

Large earthquake ground-motion simulations in 3D Earth models provide constraints on site-specific shaking intensities but have suffered from limited frequency resolution and ignored site response in soft soils. We report new regional-scale 3D simulations for moment magnitude 7.0 scenario earthquakes on the Hayward Fault, northern California with SW4. Simulations resolved significantly broader band frequencies (0-10 Hz) than previous studies and represent the highest resolution simulations for any such earthquake to date. Seismic waves were excited by a kinematic rupture following Graves and Pitarka (2016) and obeyed wave propagation in a 3D Earth model with topography from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assuming a minimum shear wavespeed, V-s min, of 500 m/s. We corrected motions for linear and nonlinear site response for the shear wavespeed, V-s, from the USGS 3D model, using a recently developed ground-motion model (GMM) for Fourier amplitude spectra (Bayless and Abrahamson, 2018, 2019a). At soft soil locations subjected to strong shaking, the site-corrected intensities reflect the competing effects of linear amplification by low V-s material, reduction of stiffness during nonlinear deformation, and damping of high frequencies. Sites with near-surface V-s of 500 m/s or greater require no linear site correction but can experience amplitude reduction due to nonlinear response. Averaged over all sites, we obtained reasonable agreement with empirical ergodic median GMMs currently used for seismic hazard and design ground motions (epsilon less than 1), with marked improvement at soft sedimentary sites. At specific locations, the simulated shaking intensities show systematic differences from the GMMs that reveal path and site effects not captured in these ergodic models. Results suggest how next generation regional-scale earthquake simulations can provide higher spatial and frequency resolution while including effects of soft soils that are commonly ignored in scenario earthquake ground-motion simulations.
机译：三维地球模型中的大地震地面运动模拟为特定场地的震动强度提供了限制，但在软土中受到了有限的频率分辨率和忽略场地响应的影响。我们报告了在北加利福尼亚州海沃德断层上，对具有SW4的7.0级瞬间地震进行的新的区域尺度三维模拟。与之前的研究相比，模拟结果的频带频率（0-10 Hz）要宽得多，是迄今为止任何此类地震的最高分辨率模拟结果。Graves和Pitarka（2016）之后的运动学破裂激发了地震波，地震波在三维地球模型中传播，美国地质调查局（USGS）假设最小剪切波速V-S min为500 m/S。我们根据USGS三维模型的剪切波速V-S校正了线性和非线性场地响应的运动，使用最近开发的地面运动模型（GMM）进行傅里叶振幅谱分析（Bayless and Abrahamson，2018，2019a）。在遭受强烈震动的软土位置，现场校正强度反映了低V-s材料线性放大、非线性变形期间刚度降低和高频阻尼的竞争效应。近地表V-s为500 m/s或更大的场地不需要线性场地校正，但由于非线性响应，可能会经历振幅降低。对所有场地进行平均后，我们与目前用于地震危险和设计地震动（ε小于1）的经验遍历中值GMM获得了合理的一致性，在软沉积场地得到了显著改善。在特定位置，模拟的震动强度显示出与GMM的系统性差异，揭示了这些遍历模型中未捕捉到的路径和场地效应。研究结果表明，下一代区域尺度地震模拟可以提供更高的空间和频率分辨率，同时考虑到在情景地震地面运动模拟中通常被忽略的软土效应。

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