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Mechanical ventilation in neurocritical care setting: A clinical approach

机译:神科护理环境中的机械通风:临床方法

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摘要

Neuropatients often require invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). Ideal ventilator settings and respiratory targets in neuro patients are unclear. Current knowledge suggests maintaining protective tidal volumes of 6-8 ml/kg of predicted body weight in neuropatients. This approach may reduce the rate of pulmonary complications, although it cannot be easily applied in a neuro setting due to the need for special care to minimize the risk of secondary brain damage. Additionally, the weaning process from MV is particularly challenging in these patients who cannot control the brain respiratory patterns and protect airways from aspiration. Indeed, extubation failure in neuropatients is very high, while tracheostomy is needed in one-third of the patients. The aim of this manuscript is to review and describe the current management of invasive MV, weaning, and tracheostomy for the main four subpopulations of neuro patients: traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage.
机译:神经病人通常需要有创机械通气(MV)。神经科患者理想的呼吸机设置和呼吸目标尚不清楚。目前的知识表明,神经病人的保护性潮气量应保持在预测体重的6-8毫升/千克。这种方法可能会降低肺部并发症的发生率,但由于需要特殊护理以将继发性脑损伤的风险降至最低,因此无法轻松应用于神经环境。此外,对于无法控制大脑呼吸模式和保护呼吸道免受吸入的患者,MV的断奶过程尤其具有挑战性。事实上,神经科患者拔管失败率很高,而三分之一的患者需要气管造口术。这篇手稿的目的是回顾和描述目前针对神经病患者的四个主要亚群体:创伤性脑损伤、急性缺血性中风、蛛网膜下腔出血和脑内出血的侵袭性MV、断奶和气管切开术的管理。

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