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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology >Transforming growth factor -beta 1 induces cerebrovascular dysfunction and astrogliosis through angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated signaling pathways
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Transforming growth factor -beta 1 induces cerebrovascular dysfunction and astrogliosis through angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated signaling pathways

机译:转化生长因子-Beta 1通过血管紧张素II型1受体介导的信号通路诱导脑血管功能障碍和星分激

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Transgenic mice constitutively overexpressing the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) (TGF mice) display cerebrovascular alterations as seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID), but no or only subtle cognitive deficits. TGF-beta 1 may exert part of its deleterious effects through interactions with angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling pathways. We test such interactions in the brain and cerebral vessels of TGF mice by measuring cerebrovascular reactivity, levels of protein markers of vascular fibrosis, nitric oxide synthase activity, astrogliosis, and mnemonic performance in mice treated (6 months) with the AT1R blocker losartan (10 mg/kg per day) or the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (3 mg/kg per day). Both treatments restored the severely impaired cerebrovascular reactivity to acetylcholine, calcitonin gene-related peptide, endothelin-1, and the baseline availability of nitric oxide in aged TGF mice. Losartan, but not enalapril, significantly reduced astrogliosis and cerebrovascular levels of profibrotic protein connective tissue growth factor while raising levels of antifibrotic enzyme matrix metallopeptidase-9. Memory was unaffected by aging and treatments. The results suggest a pivotal role for AngII in TGF-beta 1-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation through AT1R-mediated mechanisms. Further, they suggest that AngII blockers could be appropriate against vasculopathies and astrogliosis associated with AD and VCID.
机译:组成性过度表达细胞因子转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)的转基因小鼠(TGF小鼠)表现出阿尔茨海默病(AD)、血管性认知障碍和痴呆(VCID)中所见的脑血管改变,但没有或只有轻微的认知缺陷。TGF-β1可能通过与血管紧张素II(AngII)1型受体(AT1R)信号通路的相互作用发挥部分有害作用。我们通过测量AT1R阻滞剂氯沙坦(10 mg/kg/天)或血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂依那普利(3 mg/kg/天)治疗(6个月)的小鼠的脑血管反应性、血管纤维化的蛋白质标记物水平、一氧化氮合酶活性、星形胶质细胞增生和记忆能力,来测试TGF小鼠大脑和脑血管中的这种相互作用。两种治疗都恢复了老年TGF小鼠对乙酰胆碱、降钙素基因相关肽、内皮素-1的严重受损脑血管反应性,以及一氧化氮的基线可用性。氯沙坦(而非依那普利)显著降低促纤维蛋白结缔组织生长因子的星形胶质细胞增生和脑血管水平,同时提高抗纤维化酶基质金属肽酶-9的水平。记忆力不受衰老和治疗的影响。结果表明,AngII通过AT1R介导的机制在TGF-β1诱导的脑血管功能障碍和神经炎症中发挥关键作用。此外,他们认为AngII受体阻滞剂可能适用于与AD和VCID相关的血管病变和星形胶质细胞增生。

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