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Nonlinear pile-head macro-element for the seismic analysis of structures on flexible piles

机译：柔性桩结构抗震分析的非线性桩头宏观元件

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摘要

Performance-based design (PBD) procedures require accurate estimates of both maximum and residual displacements in structural systems. Macro-element models are already proven tools for designing structures on shallow foundations according to PBD, since they represent a very cost-effective solution in terms of balance between physical behaviour, simulation accuracy and computational cost. This work extends the macro-element approach to the analysis of laterally loaded pile-shafts and soil-pile-structure interaction. The lateral response of the entire soil-pile system to seismic actions is thus condensed at the pile-head, being represented by a zero-length element located at the base of the columns and subjected to the foundation input motion. The macro-element model is presented, based on the three fundamental features of the response of laterally loaded piles: initial elastic behaviour, gap opening/closure effects and failure conditions. These three characteristic behaviours are all made compatible by using an inelastic model which accounts for the evolution from initial nonlinear elastic behaviour to full plastic flow at failure. Such inelastic model is based on a bounding surface plasticity theory formulation that ensures a smooth transition from the initial elastic pile-head response up to nonlinear behaviour and plastic mechanism formation. In order to validate the macro-element, its response is favourably compared with numerical results from advanced simulations of pile lateral behaviour and with load tests on real piles.
机译：基于性能的设计（PBD）程序要求准确估计结构系统中的最大位移和残余位移。宏单元模型已经被证明是根据PBD设计浅基础结构的工具，因为它们在物理行为、模拟精度和计算成本之间的平衡方面是一种非常经济高效的解决方案。这项工作将宏单元方法扩展到分析横向荷载桩身和土-桩-结构相互作用。因此，整个桩-桩系统对地震作用的横向响应在桩头处缩聚，由位于柱底部的零长度单元表示并经受基础输入运动。基于横向荷载桩响应的三个基本特征：初始弹性行为、间隙开闭效应和破坏条件，提出了宏观单元模型。通过使用非弹性模型，这三种特征行为都是相容的，该模型解释了从初始非线性弹性行为到失效时全塑性流动的演变。这种非弹性模型基于边界面塑性理论公式，确保从初始弹性桩头响应到非线性行为和塑性机制形成的平稳过渡。为了验证宏单元的有效性，将其响应与桩横向行为高级模拟的数值结果以及真实桩的荷载试验进行了比较。

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