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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of earthquake engineering >Regional broad-band ground-shaking modelling over extended and thick sedimentary basins: an example from the Lower Rhine Embayment (Germany)
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Regional broad-band ground-shaking modelling over extended and thick sedimentary basins: an example from the Lower Rhine Embayment (Germany)

机译：延伸和厚沉积盆地的区域宽带地面摇动建模：莱茵河升降机（德国）的一个例子

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摘要

The simulation of broad-band (0.1 to 10 + Hz) ground-shaking over deep and spatially extended sedimentary basins at regional scales is challenging. We evaluate the ground-shaking of a potential M 6.5 earthquake in the southern Lower Rhine Embayment, one of the most important areas of earthquake recurrence north of the Alps, close to the city of Cologne in Germany. In a first step, information from geological investigations, seismic experiments and boreholes is combined for deriving a harmonized 3D velocity and attenuation model of the sedimentary layers. Three alternative approaches are then applied and compared to evaluate the impact of the sedimentary cover on ground-motion amplification. The first approach builds on existing response spectra ground-motion models whose amplification factors empirically take into account the influence of the sedimentary layers through a standard parameterization. In the second approach, site-specific 1D amplification functions are computed from the 3D basin model. Using a random vibration theory approach, we adjust the empirical response spectra predicted for soft rock conditions by local site amplification factors: amplifications and associated ground-motions are predicted both in the Fourier and in the response spectra domain. In the third approach, hybrid physics-based ground-motion simulations are used to predict time histories for soft rock conditions which are subsequently modified using the 1D site-specific amplification functions computed in method 2. For large distances and at short periods, the differences between the three approaches become less notable due to the significant attenuation of the sedimentary layers. At intermediate and long periods, generic empirical ground-motion models provide lower levels of amplification from sedimentary soils compared to methods taking into account site-specific 1D amplification functions. In the near-source region, hybrid physics-based ground-motions models illustrate the potentially large variability of ground-motion due to finite source effects.
机译：在区域尺度上模拟深部和空间延伸的沉积盆地上的宽带（0.1至10+Hz）地面震动是一个挑战。我们评估了莱茵河下海湾南部可能发生的6.5级地震的地面震动，莱茵河下海湾是阿尔卑斯山北部最重要的地震复发区之一，靠近德国科隆市。第一步，结合地质调查、地震实验和钻孔的信息，推导出沉积层的协调三维速度和衰减模型。然后应用三种替代方法并进行比较，以评估沉积覆盖层对地震动放大的影响。第一种方法基于现有的反应谱地面运动模型，其放大系数通过标准参数化经验地考虑了沉积层的影响。在第二种方法中，根据三维盆地模型计算特定场地的一维放大函数。使用随机振动理论方法，我们通过局部场地放大系数调整软岩条件下预测的经验反应谱：在傅立叶和反应谱域中预测放大和相关地震动。在第三种方法中，基于混合物理的地震动模拟用于预测软岩条件的时间历程，随后使用方法2中计算的一维场地特定放大函数对软岩条件进行修改。对于大距离和短时间，由于沉积层的显著衰减，三种方法之间的差异变得不那么显著。在中长期，与考虑场地特定一维放大函数的方法相比，一般经验地震动模型提供的沉积土壤放大程度较低。在近源区，基于混合物理的地震动模型表明，由于有限源效应，地震动可能具有很大的可变性。

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