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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society >The costs of being a good dad: egg-carrying and clutch size impair locomotor performance in male midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans)
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The costs of being a good dad: egg-carrying and clutch size impair locomotor performance in male midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans)

机译：作为一个好爸爸的成本：鸡蛋携带和离合器大小在男性助产士蟾蜍（Alytes产科植物）中损害车辆表现

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摘要

Parental care is widespread across the animal kingdom. Parental behaviours are beneficial by increasing offspring survival but induce significant costs to the parents. Because parental care is far more common in females, the associated reproductive costs have been largely studied in this sex. Although male parental care is likely to involve significant costs, it has been markedly less well investigated. We studied the costs of egg-carrying on locomotor performance in an amphibian species (Alytes obstetricans) with male parental care. We examined complementary parameters including hopping performance, righting response, hindleg muscle response to egg burden, and homing time in males carrying or not carrying eggs. We found that carrying males showed altered locomotor performance for most traits. In addition, alteration of performance was closely related to relative clutch size. Clutch desertion occurred in smaller individuals carrying larger relative clutch mass, and performance after desertion was similar to that of non-reproductive individuals. Overall, our study demonstrates that carrying eggs significantly alters male mobility and that performance-clutch size trade-offs are relevant in understanding the evolution of paternal care.
机译：在动物王国里，父母的照料是普遍存在的。父母的行为有利于提高后代的存活率，但会给父母带来巨大的代价。由于父母照顾在女性中更为常见，因此相关的生育成本在这一性别中得到了大量研究。尽管男性父母的照顾可能会带来巨大的成本，但这方面的调查明显较少。我们研究了一种有男性父母照料的两栖动物（Alytes产科动物）携带卵子进行运动表现的成本。我们检测了携带或未携带卵子的雄性动物的跳跃性能、翻正反应、后腿肌肉对卵子负荷的反应以及归巢时间等补充参数。我们发现，携带雄性动物的大多数特征的运动表现都发生了改变。此外，性能的变化与离合器的相对尺寸密切相关。离合器脱落发生在携带较大相对离合器质量的较小个体中，脱落后的表现与非繁殖个体相似。总的来说，我们的研究表明，携带卵子会显著改变男性的流动性，而且在理解父系护理的演变过程中，性能和大小的权衡是相关的。

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