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The identification of neuronal control pathways supplying effector tissues in the stomach

机译：在胃中供应效应组织的神经元控制途径的鉴定

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The stomach acts as a buffer between the ingestion of food and its processing in the small intestine. It signals to the brain to modulate food intake and it in turn regulates the passage of a nutrient-rich fluid, containing partly digested food, into the duodenum. These processes need to be finely controlled, for example to restrict reflux into the esophagus and to transfer digesta to the duodenum at an appropriate rate. Thus, the efferent pathways that control gastric volume, gastric peristalsis and digestive juice production are critically important. We review these pathways with an emphasis on the identities of the final motor neurons and comparisons between species. The major types of motor neurons arising from gastric enteric ganglia are as follows: immunohistochemically distinguishable excitatory and inhibitory muscle motor neurons; four neuron types innervating mucosal effectors (parietal cells, chief cells, gastrin cells and somatostatin cells); and vasodilator neurons. Sympathetic efferent neurons innervate intramural arteries, myenteric ganglia and gastric muscle. Vagal efferent neurons with cell bodies in the brain stem do not directly innervate gastric effector tissues; they are pre-enteric neurons that innervate each type of gastric enteric motor neuron. The principal transmitters and co-transmitters of gastric motor neurons, as well as key immunohistochemical markers, are the same in rat, pig, human and other species.
机译：胃在食物摄入和小肠内食物加工之间起缓冲作用。它向大脑发出信号，调节食物摄入，进而调节含有部分消化食物的营养丰富的液体进入十二指肠。这些过程需要精细控制，例如限制反流进入食管，并以适当的速率将消化液转移到十二指肠。因此，控制胃容积、胃蠕动和消化液产生的传出通路至关重要。我们回顾了这些途径，重点是最终运动神经元的身份和物种之间的比较。胃肠神经节运动神经元的主要类型有：免疫组化可区分的兴奋性和抑制性肌肉运动神经元；支配粘膜效应器的四种神经元类型（壁细胞、主细胞、胃泌素细胞和生长抑素细胞）；和血管扩张神经元。交感传出神经元支配壁内动脉、肌间神经节和胃肌。在脑干中有细胞体的迷走神经传出神经元不直接支配胃效应器组织；它们是肠前神经元，支配每种类型的胃肠运动神经元。胃运动神经元的主要递质和共递质，以及关键的免疫组织化学标记，在大鼠、猪、人和其他物种中是相同的。

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