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Plasma membrane localization of the GFL receptor components: a nexus for receptor crosstalk

机译:GFL受体组分的血浆膜定位:受体串扰的Nexus

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The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs) comprise a group of four homologous and potent growth factors that includes GDNF, neurturin (NRTN), artemin (ARTN), and persephin (PSPN). The survival, growth, and mitotic activities of the GFLs are conveyed by a single receptor tyrosine kinase, Ret. The GFLs do not bind directly to Ret in order to activate it, and instead bind with high affinity to glycerophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored coreceptors called the GDNF family receptor-alpha s (GFR alpha s). Several mechanisms have recently been identified that influence the trafficking of Ret and GFR alpha s in and out of the plasma membrane, thereby affecting their availability for ligand binding, as well as their levels by targeting to degradative pathways. This review describes these mechanisms and their powerful effects on GFL signaling and function. We also describe the recent discovery that p75 and Ret form a signaling complex, also regulated by plasma membrane shuttling, that either enhances GFL survival signals or p75 pro-apoptotic signals, dependent on the cellular context.
机译:胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)家族配体(GFLs)由四种同源且有效的生长因子组成,包括GDNF、神经都灵(NRTN)、蒿胺(ARTN)和波斯芬(PSPN)。GFL的存活、生长和有丝分裂活动由单一受体酪氨酸激酶Ret传递。GFL不直接与Ret结合以激活它,而是与甘油磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定的共受体结合,称为GDNF家族受体αs(GFRαs)。最近发现了几种影响Ret和GFRαs进出质膜的机制,从而通过靶向降解途径影响其配体结合的可用性以及水平。本文综述了这些机制及其对GFL信号和功能的强大影响。我们还描述了最近的发现,p75和Ret形成了一种信号复合物,也受质膜穿梭的调节,它要么增强GFL存活信号,要么增强p75促凋亡信号,这取决于细胞环境。

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