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The role of extracellular vesicles in neointima formation post vascular injury

机译:细胞外囊泡在血管损伤后细胞外囊泡的作用

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Pathological neointimal growth can develop in patients as a result of vascular injury following percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting using autologous saphenous vein, leading to arterial or vein graft occlusion. Neointima formation driven by intimal hyperplasia occurs as a result of a complex interplay between molecular and cellular processes involving different cell types including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and various inflammatory cells. Therefore, understanding the intercellular communication mechanisms underlying this process remains of fundamental importance in order to develop therapeutic strategies to preserve endothelial integrity and vascular health post coronary interventions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, are membrane-bound particles secreted by cells which mediate intercellular signalling in physiological and pathophysiological states, however their role in neointima formation is not fully understood. The purification and characterization techniques currently used in the field are associated with many limitations which significantly hinder the ability to comprehensively study the role of specific EV types and make direct functional comparisons between EV subpopulations. In this review, the current knowledge focusing on EV signalling in neointima formation post vascular injury is discussed.
机译:经皮冠状动脉介入治疗和使用自体大隐静脉进行冠状动脉旁路移植术后的血管损伤可导致患者出现病理性新生内膜生长,导致动脉或静脉移植物闭塞。由内膜增生驱动的新内膜形成是涉及不同细胞类型(包括内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和各种炎症细胞)的分子和细胞过程之间复杂相互作用的结果。因此,了解这一过程背后的细胞间通讯机制对于制定治疗策略以保护冠状动脉介入术后内皮完整性和血管健康仍然至关重要。细胞外小泡(Extracellular vesicles,EV)是由细胞分泌的膜结合颗粒,在生理和病理生理状态下介导细胞间信号,但它们在新生内膜形成中的作用尚不完全清楚。目前在该领域使用的纯化和表征技术存在许多局限性,这些局限性极大地阻碍了全面研究特定EV类型的作用以及在EV亚群之间进行直接功能比较的能力。本文综述了血管损伤后新生内膜形成中EV信号传导的最新研究进展。

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