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AFM-based indentation method for measuring the relaxation property of living cells

机译：基于AFM的缩进方法，用于测量活细胞的弛豫特性

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摘要

Probing the mechanical properties of cells is critical for understanding their deformation behaviors and biological functions. Although some methods have been proposed to characterize the elastic properties of cells, it is still difficult to measure their time-dependent properties. This paper investigates the use of atomic force microscope (AFM) to determine the reduced relaxation modulus of cells. In principle, AFM is hard to perform an indentation relaxation test that requires a constant indenter displacement during load relaxation, whereas the real AFM indenter displacement usually varies with time during relaxation due to the relatively small bending stiffness of its cantilever. We investigate this issue through a combined theoretical, computational, and experimental effort. A protocol relying on the choice of appropriate cantilever bending stiffness is proposed to perform an AFM-based indentation relaxation test of cells, which enables the measurement of reduced relaxation modulus with high accuracy. This protocol is first validated by performing nanoindentation relaxation tests on a soft material and by comparing the results with those from independent measurements. Then indentation tests of cartilage cells are conducted to demonstrate this method in determining time-dependent properties of living cells. Finally, the change in the viscoelasticity of MCF-7 cells under hyperthermia is investigated. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：研究细胞的力学性质对于理解其变形行为和生物学功能至关重要。虽然已经提出了一些方法来表征细胞的弹性特性，但仍然很难测量它们的时间相关特性。本文研究了利用原子力显微镜（AFM）测定细胞的还原松弛模量。原则上，AFM很难进行压痕松弛试验，该试验要求在载荷松弛期间压头位移恒定，而由于其悬臂梁的弯曲刚度相对较小，实际AFM压头位移通常在松弛期间随时间变化。我们通过理论、计算和实验的结合来研究这个问题。提出了一种基于选择合适悬臂梁弯曲刚度的协议，用于对电池进行基于AFM的压痕松弛试验，从而能够高精度地测量降低的松弛模量。该协议首先通过在软材料上进行纳米压痕松弛试验，并将结果与独立测量结果进行比较来验证。然后对软骨细胞进行压痕试验，以证明该方法可以确定活细胞的时间依赖性特性。最后，研究了MCF-7细胞在高温下的粘弹性变化。（c）2021爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。

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