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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physics, D. Applied Physics: A Europhysics Journal >Experimental demonstration and mechanism of mitigating reentry blackout via surface catalysis effects
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Experimental demonstration and mechanism of mitigating reentry blackout via surface catalysis effects

机译：通过表面催化作用减轻再入停电的实验示范和机制

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摘要

The reentry blackout phenomenon, which is the communication cut-off between the re-entry vehicle and ground station, is a crucial problem that needs to be addressed. To improve safety during reentry, a new mitigation method was proposed using the surface catalysis effect. However, this method has not been investigated extensively by experimental methods. In this study, we experimentally demonstrated the mitigation method using a 1 MW arc-heated wind tunnel and numerically clarified the mitigation mechanism. As a demonstration experiment, communication tests were conducted to compare the two cases. In the first case, a ceramic surface was used as a low catalytic wall, whereas in the second case, a copper surface was used as a high catalytic wall in the arc-heated wind tunnel. The experimental results indicated that the blackout occurred when alumina was used as the low catalytic wall. On the other hand, for the high catalytic wall using copper, blackout was avoided. The tests were reproduced in the wind tunnel using a numerical simulation technique. From the simulation results, the mitigation mechanism suggested that: (a) the number of nitrogen and oxygen atoms decreased due to catalysis; (b) forward reactions of electron impact ionization were suppressed due to the decrease in the number of atoms; and (c) the suppression of reactions decreased the number of electrons, thereby mitigating the reentry blackout. In addition, the numerical simulations performed on the reentry plasma around the re-entry capsule suggested that the mitigation mechanisms between the arc-heated wind flow and reentry plasma were similar despite the different airflow conditions.
机译：再入失电现象是再入飞行器与地面站之间的通信中断，是一个需要解决的关键问题。为了提高再入过程中的安全性，利用表面催化效应提出了一种新的缓解方法。然而，该方法尚未通过实验方法进行广泛研究。在本研究中，我们使用1 MW电弧加热风洞对缓解方法进行了实验验证，并对缓解机制进行了数值阐明。作为演示实验，进行了沟通测试，以比较这两种情况。在第一种情况下，陶瓷表面用作低催化壁，而在第二种情况下，在电弧加热风洞中，铜表面用作高催化壁。实验结果表明，当氧化铝用作低催化壁时，会发生停电。另一方面，对于使用铜的高催化壁，避免了断电。利用数值模拟技术在风洞中再现了这些试验。从模拟结果来看，缓解机制表明：（a）由于催化作用，氮和氧原子的数量减少；（b） 由于原子数的减少，电子碰撞电离的正向反应受到抑制；（c）反应的抑制减少了电子的数量，从而减轻了再入断电。此外，对返回舱周围的再入等离子体进行的数值模拟表明，尽管气流条件不同，电弧加热气流和再入等离子体之间的缓解机制相似。

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