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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Soil Biology >Potential effect of nitrate applied during flood period on N2O emissions during subsequent drainage in a paddy soil
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Potential effect of nitrate applied during flood period on N2O emissions during subsequent drainage in a paddy soil

机译：洪水期间硝酸盐在水稻土中排出过程中洪水期施用的潜在影响

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摘要

Application of nitrate (NO3-) in flooded soil promotes denitrification activity and N2O emissions, accompanied by NO3- depletion. However, whether the stimulating effect of NO3- on flooded soil still affects the response of nitrifiers and denitrifiers to subsequent water drainage remains unclear, as does the N2O emission dynamics. We conducted a microcosm experiment using intact paddy soil columns with three levels of NO3- treatment under flooded conditions: the application of NO3- solutions with 0, 60 and 200 kg KNO3-N per hectare (N0, N60, and N200, respectively). The N2O emission rate was measured using a closed chamber method, and the community composition and abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers were determined using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods, respectively. The results showed that all the added NO3was exhausted during the flood period and below 0.50 mg kg(-1) at the end of flooded incubation. Arch-amoA and narG gene abundance were significantly elevated by NO application before drainage. Then water drainage promoted the narG gene numbers of N60- and N200-treated soils increase by 10(9) copies g(-1) more than N0 treatment, and the community compositions of narG- and nirK-containing denitrifiers differed significantly among the three NO3- treatments. In addition, draining resulted in clear shifts in the community structures of Arch-amoA- and Bac-amoA-containing nitrifiers in the N60-treated soils, and also resulted in higher increase of Arch-amoA gene abundance in the N60- and N200-treated soils than in NO treatment. These results indicate that NO3- application on flooded soil enhance the response of Arch-amoA and narG gene abundance to subsequent water drainage. However, the differences in the denitrifier community had few correlations with N2O emissions during draining (p > 0.05), while the Arch-amoA gene abundance in the NO- and N60-treated soils increased about 6.45 and 3.70 times respectively after drainage (p < 0.05) and strongly correlated with higher N2O emissions (r > 0.92, p < 0.01). Considering the NH4+-N consumption and the NO3-N production, we could speculate that the changes in the ammonia-oxidizing archaea community after drainage are only important regulators of N2O emission rates in this paddy soil columns.
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