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首页> 外文期刊>Foundations of Physics: An International Journal Devoted to the Conceptual Bases and Fundamental Theories of Modern Physics, Biophysics & Cosmology >Fermi's Golden Rule and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
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Fermi's Golden Rule and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

机译：费米的黄金法则和第二种热力学定律

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摘要

We present a Gedankenexperiment that leads to a violation of detailed balance if quantum mechanical transition probabilities are treated in the usual way by applying Fermi's "golden rule". This Gedankenexperiment introduces a collection of two-level systems that absorb and emit radiation randomly through non-reciprocal coupling to a waveguide, as realized in specific chiral quantum optical systems. The non-reciprocal coupling is modeled by a hermitean Hamiltonian and is compatible with the time-reversal invariance of unitary quantum dynamics. Surprisingly, the combination of non-reciprocity with probabilistic radiation processes entails negative entropy production. Although the considered system appears to fulfill all conditions for Markovian stochastic dynamics, such a dynamics violates the Clausius inequality, a formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. Several implications concerning the interpretation of the quantum mechanical formalism are discussed.
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