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首页> 外文期刊>Medical education >Affirmative action programmes in postgraduate medical and surgical training-A narrative review
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Affirmative action programmes in postgraduate medical and surgical training-A narrative review

机译：研究生医疗和外科手术培训的肯定行动计划 - 叙述审查

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Objective This review aims to identify and summarise the literature pertaining to the implementation of affirmative action programmes (AAP) for selection of ethnic minorities and Indigenous peoples into selective specialist medical and surgical training programmes. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies reporting on the background, implementation and results of AAP for ethnic minorities and Indigenous peoples into medical and surgical training. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were queried from inception through to 1 February 2020. All included studies were subjected to inductive thematic analysis in order to systematically collate study findings. Articles were read through several times in an iterative manner to allow the identification of themes across the included studies. The themes were cross-compared among the authors to establish their interconnectedness. Results Forty-five articles described AAP pertaining to ethnic minorities in the United States of America (African-Americans and Hispanic Americans), women and ethnic minorities, Indigenous peoples (New Zealand Maori) and people with low socio-economic status. Four themes were identified. These included the need for social responsiveness in clinical training organisations, justification and criticism of AAP, how clinical training agencies should participate in AAP and what constitutes an effective AAP for specialist medical and surgical training. Conclusions Affirmative action programmes have been effective at increasing numbers of ethnic minority medical school graduates but have not been used for specialist medical or surgical training selection. AAP achieve the best results when they are associated with a comprehensive programme of candidate preparation, support and mentorship beginning prior to application, and support and mentorship extending through training and subsequently into the post-training period as an independent professional. The overall aim of any AAP in medical or surgical training must be graduation of significant numbers of minority and Indigenous trainees into successful practice with appointment to faculty member and leadership positions.
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