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首页> 外文期刊>Monographs in clinical cytology. >Ancillary Techniques
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Ancillary Techniques

机译：辅助技术

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Ancillary techniques are helpful when diagnosing soft tissue and bone tumors with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The methods used on surgical tumor specimens are also applicable to cytologic material. Considering that FNA is minimally invasive, well tolerated by the patient, cost effective, and low risk, it is a valuable method for collecting material for ancillary as well as morphologic assessment [ 1 ]. This makes it possible to diagnose and classify mesenchymal lesions with high accuracy on cytologic material, which is usually collected prior to surgery and treatment [2]. Immu-nocytochemistry is the most commonly used technique and can be applied directly on aspirated material or on any of several types of preparations, including liquid-based techniques such as cytospin-preparation, or various "monolay-er" techniques as well as cell blocks. This is, in many cases, sufficient to establish a diagnosis but the need for detailed genetic and molecular evaluation is steadily increasing in many soft tissue tumors, just as it is in other tumor types [2-5]. Molecular genetic methods can be used to verify or rule out a specific diagnosis and particular genetic changes have been described in many types of tumor, and these are steadily increasing (Table 1). However, they can also provide prognostic information and even determine treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Several genetic and cytogenetic molecular methods, including cytogenetics (chromosome banding), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), can be applied to cytologic material [6-10].
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