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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Female rats self-administer heroin by vapor inhalation
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Female rats self-administer heroin by vapor inhalation

机译：雌性大鼠通过蒸气吸入自我管理海洛因

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Over the last two decades the United States has experienced a significant increase in the medical and non-medical use of opioid drugs, resulting in record numbers of opioid-related overdoses and deaths. There was an initial increase in non-medical use of prescription opioids around 2002, followed later by increased heroin use and then most recently fentanyl. Inhalation is a common route of administration for opioids, with a documented history spanning back to Mediterranean antiquity and up through modern use with e-cigarette devices. Unfortunately, preclinical studies using inhalation as the route of administration remain relatively few. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of e-cigarette vapor inhalation of heroin in rats. Non-contingent exposure to heroin or methadone vapor produced anti-nociceptive efficacy in male and female rats. Female rats were trained to self-administer heroin vapor; the most-preferring half of the distribution obtained more vapor reinforcers when the concentration of heroin was reduced in the vapor vehicle and when pre-treated with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. The anti-nociceptive effect of heroin self-administered by vapor was identical in magnitude to that produced by intravenous self-administration. Finally, anxiety-like behavior increased 24-48 h after last heroin vapor access, consistent with withdrawal signs observed after intravenous self-administration. In sum, these studies show that rewarding and anti-nociceptive effects of heroin are produced in rats by vapor inhalation using e-cigarette technology. Importantly, self-administration models by this route can be deployed to determine health effects of inhaled heroin or other opioids.
机译：在过去20年中，美国在医疗和非医疗方面使用阿片类药物的情况显著增加，导致与阿片类药物有关的过量用药和死亡人数创纪录。在2002年左右，处方类阿片的非医疗使用最初有所增加，随后是海洛因使用增加，最近是芬太尼使用增加。吸入是阿片类药物的常见给药途径，有文献记载的历史可以追溯到地中海古代，直到现代与电子烟设备一起使用。不幸的是，将吸入作为给药途径的临床前研究相对较少。本研究旨在确定电子烟蒸气吸入海洛因对大鼠的疗效。在雄性和雌性大鼠中，非偶然性暴露于海洛因或美沙酮蒸汽可产生抗伤害性效应。训练雌性大鼠自行服用海洛因蒸气；当蒸汽载体中的海洛因浓度降低时，以及当使用阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮进行预处理时，最偏好的一半分布获得了更多蒸汽增强剂。通过蒸汽自我给药的海洛因的抗伤害作用与通过静脉自我给药产生的效果是相同的。最后，在最后一次服用海洛因蒸汽后24-48小时，焦虑样行为增加，这与静脉注射自我给药后观察到的戒断症状一致。总之，这些研究表明，海洛因的奖赏和抗伤害作用是通过使用电子烟技术的蒸汽吸入在大鼠体内产生的。重要的是，通过这种途径的自我管理模型可以用来确定吸入海洛因或其他阿片类药物对健康的影响。

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