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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >The importance of acquisition learning on nicotine and varenicline drug substitution in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking task
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The importance of acquisition learning on nicotine and varenicline drug substitution in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking task

机译：在药物鉴别的目标跟踪任务中获取学习对尼古丁和瓦宁林药物替代的重要性

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Nicotine and varenicline (Chantix (R); the leading non-nicotine cessation pharmacotherapy) can come to control appetitive behaviors such as goal-tracking. We tested rats (N = 48) in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking (DGT) task where each rat received daily subcutaneous injections of either nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% [w/v]) interspersed across the acquisition phase (Phase 1). On saline days, sucrose was intermittently available. On nicotine days, sucrose was withheld. All rats acquired the discrimination with increased goal-tracking rates on saline days relative to nicotine days. Following acquisition, rats were separated into four groups to assess drug-substitution and discrimination reversal in Phase 2. The first group maintained the stimulus-reinforcer relation from acquisition (NIC-). The reversal group was now given access to sucrose on nicotine days (NIC +). The substitution group replaced nicotine with varenicline (1 mg/kg) while maintaining the acquisition stimulus-reinforcer relation (VAR-). The substitution and reversal group had nicotine replaced by varenicline and the stimulus-reinforcer relation reversed (VAR +). Rats in all groups learned or maintained their Phase 1 discriminations. For Phase 2, the reversal groups (+ conditions) acquired their discriminations within 10 sessions. The VAR- group displayed a pattern of disrupted discrimination at the outset of Phase 2 but was reestablished after continued training. In substitution testing, VAR groups received nicotine and NIC groups received varenicline. The NIC- and VAR- groups displayed full substitution of the test stimulus whereas the NIC + and VAR + groups displayed partial substitution of the test stimulus. Rats underwent nicotine extinction in Phase 3. Initial responding for each group mimicked Phase 2 training (i.e., higher responding by the reversal groups). All rats maintained similarly low levels of responding after six sessions. In conclusion, initial learning history with nicotine (i.e., + or -) influenced drug-stimulus substitution and the rate at which new learning (e.g., reversal) occurs with the varenicline and nicotine interoceptive stimuli.
机译：尼古丁和伐仑克林（Chantix（R）；领先的非尼古丁戒烟药物疗法（非尼古丁药物疗法）可以控制食欲行为，如目标跟踪。我们在药物辨别目标追踪（DGT）任务中对大鼠（N=48）进行了测试，每只大鼠每天皮下注射尼古丁（0.4 mg/kg）或生理盐水（0.9%[w/v]），分布在采集阶段（第1阶段）。在生理盐水天，蔗糖间歇性可用。在尼古丁日，蔗糖被抑制。与尼古丁日相比，所有大鼠在生理盐水日的目标跟踪率都有所增加，从而获得了辨别能力。采集后，将大鼠分为四组，以评估第2阶段的药物替代和辨别逆转。第一组从获得（NIC-）开始维持刺激-强化关系。现在，逆转组在尼古丁日（NIC+）服用蔗糖。替代组用varenicline（1 mg/kg）替代尼古丁，同时维持获得刺激增强剂关系（VAR-）。替代和逆转组尼古丁被varenicline取代，刺激-增强关系逆转（VAR+）。所有组中的大鼠都学习或维持其1期辨别能力。对于第二阶段，逆转组（+条件）在10个疗程内获得了辨别力。VAR组在第二阶段开始时表现出一种被破坏的歧视模式，但在继续训练后重新建立。在替代试验中，VAR组服用尼古丁，NIC组服用伐仑克林。NIC和VAR组显示测试刺激的完全替代，而NIC+和VAR+组显示测试刺激的部分替代。大鼠在第3阶段经历尼古丁消失。每组的初始反应类似于第二阶段训练（即，逆转组的反应更高）。所有大鼠在六个疗程后都保持同样低的反应水平。总之，尼古丁的初始学习史（即+或-）会影响药物刺激替代，以及瓦伦克林和尼古丁相互感受刺激产生新学习（例如逆转）的速率。

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