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Thermodynamics of large-N QCD and the nature of metastable phases

机译：大型QCD的热力学和亚稳态阶段的性质

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摘要

In the limit of a large number of colors (N), both Yang-Mills and quantum chromodynamics are expected to have a first-order phase transition separating a confined hadronic phase and a deconfined plasma phase. One aspect of this separation is that at large N, one can unambiguously identify a plasma regime that is strongly coupled. The existence of a first-order transition suggests that the hadronic phase can be superheated and the plasma phase supercooled. The supercooled deconfined plasma present at large N, if it exists, has the remarkable property that it has negative absolute pressure-i.e., a pressure below that of the vacuum. For energy densities of order unity in a 1/N expansion but beyond the endpoint of the hadronic superheated phase, a description of homogeneous matter composed of ordinary hadrons with masses of order unity in a 1/N expansion can exist, and acts as though it has a temperature of T-H in order unity. However, the connection between the canonical and microcanonical descriptions breaks down and the system cannot fully equilibrate as N -> infinity. Rather, in a hadronic description, energy is pushed to hadrons with masses that are arbitrarily large. The thermodynamic limit of large volumes becomes subtle for such systems: the energy density is no longer intensive. These conclusions follow provided that standard large-N scaling rules hold, the system at large N undergoes a generic first-order phase transition between the hadronic and plasma phases and that the mesons and glueballs follow a Hagedorntype spectrum.
机译：在大量颜色（N）的限制下，Yang Mills和量子色动力学都被认为具有一级相变，将受限强子相和非受限等离子体相分离。这种分离的一个方面是，大体上，我们可以明确地确定一个强耦合的等离子体区。一级相变的存在表明强子相可以过热，而等离子体相可以过冷。大N下存在的过冷去细化等离子体（如果存在的话）具有显著的特性，即它具有负绝对压力，即低于真空的压力。对于在1/N膨胀中但在强子过热相的端点之外的有序统一的能量密度，可以存在由普通强子组成的均匀物质的描述，在1/N膨胀中具有有序统一的质量，其行为就好像它在有序统一中的温度为T-H一样。然而，正则描述和微正则描述之间的联系被打破，系统无法在N->无穷大时完全平衡。相反，在强子描述中，能量被推送到质量任意大的强子。对于这样的系统，大体积的热力学极限变得很微妙：能量密度不再密集。这些结论如下，前提是标准的大N标度规则成立，大N下的系统在强子相和等离子体相之间经历一般的一级相变，介子和胶球遵循哈格多恩型谱。

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