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Optimization-oriented modelling of neutral beam injection for EU pulsed DEMO

机译：欧盟脉冲演示的中性光束注射的优化型模型

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摘要

Neutral beam injection (NBI) is one of the auxiliary power systems considered for the EU DEMO pulsed plasma ('DEMO1'). In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of optimized NBI in terms of the DEMO1 requirements, relating physics and engineering contexts in a novel parameter range compared to current NBI systems and in a larger plasma volume than ITER. Different injection options are investigated to account for various concepts discussed in the literature. The investigation is carried out using a wide range of sensitivity studies by means of the METIS 0.5D transport code and ASCOT Monte Carlo simulations of injected neutral-beam particles. This investigation has generated a series of recommendations for the NBI design, contributing to the system optimization process. We show how tangential injection aimed at the plasma core, with an energy greater than or similar to 800 keV, is recommended to maintain high fusion power performance and fulfill the requirements for bulk heating. Compliance with engineering constraints on the NBI design, e.g., the least interference with breeding blanket modules or compatibility with solutions for the beamline components, imposes some restrictions when discussing the beam geometry. The minimum density at which an NBI can be safely operated without harmful shine-through losses is investigated for different injection energies and compared to the ITER case. The NBI operational window for DEMO is shown to be significantly extended to transient, low-density phases, also highlighting the importance of NBI systems designed for modular energy and power output. NBI can therefore sustain the plasma during a considerable portion of the transient phases, i.e., the current ramp-up and ramp-down phases. The final decision on the DEMO heating mix will be made on the basis of system operability and performance: the optimized NBI is shown to be a suitable and effective option for the EU DEMO inductive scenario.
机译：中性束注入（NBI）是欧盟DEMO脉冲等离子体（“DEMO1”）考虑的辅助电源系统之一。在本文中，我们根据DEMO1要求讨论了优化NBI的特性，与当前NBI系统相比，在一个新的参数范围内，以及在比ITER更大的等离子体体积内，将物理和工程背景联系起来。为了解释文献中讨论的各种概念，研究了不同的注入选项。通过METIS 0.5D输运程序和ASCOT蒙特卡罗模拟注入的中性束粒子，利用广泛的灵敏度研究进行了研究。该调查为NBI设计提出了一系列建议，有助于系统优化过程。我们展示了如何以能量大于或接近800 keV的等离子体核心为目标的切向注入，以保持高聚变功率性能并满足批量加热的要求。在讨论波束几何时，遵守NBI设计的工程约束（例如，对繁殖毯模块的干扰最小或与波束线组件解决方案的兼容性）会施加一些限制。研究了在不同注入能量下，NBI可以安全运行且无有害透光损失的最小密度，并与ITER情况进行了比较。演示的NBI操作窗口被显著扩展到瞬态、低密度阶段，也突出了为模块化能量和功率输出设计的NBI系统的重要性。因此，NBI可以在相当一部分瞬态阶段，即电流上升和下降阶段，维持等离子体。演示加热组合的最终决定将基于系统的可操作性和性能：优化的NBI被证明是适用于欧盟演示感应场景的合适且有效的选项。

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