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首页> 外文期刊>Physiotherapy theory and practice >The emergence of physiotherapy in Germany from the mid-19(th) to the mid-20(th) centuries: A 'female profession' concerned with movement in the health care arena
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The emergence of physiotherapy in Germany from the mid-19(th) to the mid-20(th) centuries: A 'female profession' concerned with movement in the health care arena

机译：德国的物理治疗从19世纪中期到20世纪中期的兴趣：一个“女性专业”关注医疗保健领域的运动

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Background: The history of physiotherapy in Germany dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, when German physicians discovered Swedish medical gymnastics as a therapeutic treatment modality. From the early 20th century onwards, physiotherapy slowly began to establish itself as a field of activity specifically for women of the middle classes who provided assistive services to medical doctors.Method: Extensive overview of published and unpublished research on the history of German physiotherapy as well as select primary sources from the 19th and 20th centuries. Additionally reference is made to historical research regarding the emergence of the physical culture and life reform movements, as well as on gender research regarding upper and middle class female employment opportunities in the social and health care sector. Findings: This study outlines the two leitmotifs of physiotherapy's incorporation into the medical sector (i.e. medicalisation) and its (self-)image as a "female profession" (i.e. feminisation) as two intertwined historical phenomena shaping the critical period when physiotherapy assumed its role as a health profession in Germany. These developments from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries resulted in the emergence of a "female profession" with a distinct focus on the role of movement as a treatment modality.Discussion: Critical engagement with a handed down professional self-image is needed. On the basis of my historiographical overview, I suggest a future research agenda which would result in a more appropriate understanding of early physiotherapists in Germany as historical agents.
机译：背景：德国物理治疗的历史可以追溯到19世纪中叶，当时德国医生发现瑞典医疗体操是一种治疗方式。从20世纪初开始，物理疗法逐渐成为一个专门为中产阶级女性提供辅助服务的活动领域。方法：对德国物理疗法历史上已发表和未发表的研究进行广泛综述，并选择19世纪和20世纪的主要来源。此外，还提到了有关体育和生活改革运动出现的历史研究，以及关于社会和医疗保健部门中上层和中层女性就业机会的性别研究。研究结果：这项研究概述了物理疗法融入医学领域（即医疗化）的两大主旨，以及它作为“女性职业”（即女性化）的（自我）形象，这两个相互交织的历史现象塑造了物理疗法在德国作为健康职业的关键时期。从19世纪中期到20世纪中期的这些发展导致了一种“女性职业”的出现，其重点是运动作为一种治疗方式的作用。讨论：需要与传承下来的职业自我形象进行批判性接触。基于我的史学概述，我建议未来的研究议程，这将导致对德国早期物理治疗师作为历史代理人的更恰当理解。

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