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首页> 外文期刊>Paddy and Water Environment >Assessing the habitat suitability of paddy fields for avian indicators based on hydropedological parameters of the wet agricultural soil along the Cauvery delta basin, India
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Assessing the habitat suitability of paddy fields for avian indicators based on hydropedological parameters of the wet agricultural soil along the Cauvery delta basin, India

机译：基于Cauvery Delta Basin的湿农业土壤水利学参数评估禽田稻田的栖息地适用性

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摘要

Paddy fields provide a broad range of habitats to wintering waterbirds as natural wetlands have declined worldwide. However, the intensification of farming practices has altered the microclimates of the wet agricultural soil, the composition of soil invertebrates, thus indirectly affecting the avifauna. This study evaluated the importance of paddy fields as wintering grounds for two avian indicators Asian openbill stork (Anastomus oscitans), and the Black-headed ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) along the Cauvery delta basin, widely known as the granary of Tamil Nadu, South India. Several stretches of this agricultural belt have recorded a drastic reduction in crop cover thereby threatening the species that forage these mosaics. This entire delta region is under threat and is increasingly shrinking due to indiscriminate sand mining activities causing irreparable damage to soil, fauna, and agriculture. The erratic monsoons have forced wading species to initiate long migrations in response to climatic adaptations, thus impairing the existing population. The present study focused on the abundance patterns of two wading birds and their association with the hydropedological parameters of the flooded soil along the deltaic dynamic mosaic. The relative abundance of the avifauna was documented for 24 months using unlimited radius point counts. The hydropedological parameters recorded were pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, calcium carbonate, organic matter, total organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chloride, sodium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, moisture, the particle size distribution of sand, silt and clay, water holding capacity, and bulk density. The results indicate that paddy fields are excellent habitat forA. oscitansandT. melanocephalusand are strongly influenced by landscape characteristics, availability of feeding grounds, and hydropedological parameters of the wet soil. Among the hydropedological parameters, organic matter and nitrogen exhibited a negative correlation and the percent silt content showed a positive correlation toA. oscitans.Similarly, T. melanocephalusshowed a negative correlation to chloride and sodium, and a positive correlation to nitrogen. The contrasting effects of hydropedological parameters could be explained by differential thermal tolerance levels and metabolic requirements of the species or may be mediated by changes in the macrofaunal composition. The wet agricultural soil exhibited fewer differences across salinity classes, particle size distribution especially silt and clay, organic matter, total organic carbon, pH and bulk density, and greater differences among calcium content, water holding capacity, the particle size distribution of sand, and electrical conductivity across delta zones. Our study highlights the need to consider hydropedological factors of the wet paddy soil when selecting conservation sites on agro-landscapes for migratory wetland birds. Agricultural policies should aim at considering these cultural landscapes along the delta region as high nature value avian farmlands under the protected agricultural Cauvery zone network to sustain biodiversity and vital ecosystem services of birds in the paddy fields.
机译：随着全球自然湿地的减少，稻田为越冬水鸟提供了广泛的栖息地。然而，农业措施的强化改变了湿润农业土壤的小气候，改变了土壤无脊椎动物的组成，从而间接影响了鸟类。这项研究评估了水田作为两种鸟类越冬地的重要性，它们分别是亚洲白嘴鹳（Anastomus oscitans）和黑头朱鹭（Threskiornis melanochephalus），位于印度南部泰米尔纳德邦（Tamil Nadu）的粮仓所在的考维三角洲盆地。据记录，这条农业带的几段地区的作物覆盖率急剧下降，从而威胁到这些马赛克的饲用物种。整个三角洲地区都受到威胁，而且由于不加选择的采砂活动对土壤、动物和农业造成了不可修复的破坏，该地区正在日益缩小。不稳定的季风迫使涉水物种开始长时间迁徙，以应对气候适应，从而损害现有种群。本研究重点研究了两种涉水鸟类的丰度模式，以及它们与三角洲动态镶嵌带沿线被淹没土壤的水文参数的关联。使用无限半径点计数记录了24个月内鸟类的相对丰度。记录的水文参数包括pH值、电导率、总碱度、碳酸钙、有机物、总有机碳、氮、磷、钾、氯化物、钠、镁、钙、硫、水分、砂、淤泥和粘土的粒度分布、持水能力和容重。结果表明，稻田是优良的生境。奥西坦桑特。黑头乌龟和黑头乌龟受到景观特征、觅食地的可用性和湿土的水文参数的强烈影响。在水文参数中，有机质和氮呈负相关，泥沙含量与土壤含水量呈正相关。奥斯西坦人。同样，黑头乌贼与氯化物和钠呈负相关，与氮呈正相关。水生参数的对比效应可以通过物种的不同耐热性水平和代谢需求来解释，也可以通过大型动物组成的变化来调节。湿润农业土壤在盐度等级、粒度分布（尤其是淤泥和粘土）、有机质、总有机碳、pH值和容重方面的差异较小，而在钙含量、持水能力、沙子粒度分布和三角洲地带电导率方面的差异较大。我们的研究强调了需要考虑潮湿的稻田土壤的水文土壤因素时，选择湿地湿地候鸟的农业景观。农业政策应旨在将三角洲地区的这些文化景观视为农业保护区网络下的高自然价值鸟类农田，以维持稻田鸟类的生物多样性和重要生态系统服务。

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