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首页> 外文期刊>Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory >Relating individual differences in nicotine dependence severity to underpinning motivational and pharmacological processes among smokers from vulnerable populations
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Relating individual differences in nicotine dependence severity to underpinning motivational and pharmacological processes among smokers from vulnerable populations

机译：将尼古丁依赖严重程度与弱势群体中吸烟者中的诱导和药理过程中的个体差异相关

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We examined whether elucidating underpinning smoking motivation and related pharmacological processes enhances understanding of nicotine dependence among smokers from vulnerable populations. Data were obtained between Oct, 2016 and Sept, 2019 from 745 adult smokers with co-morbid psychiatric conditions or socioeconomic disadvantage at University of Vermont, Brown University, Johns Hopkins University. Smoking motivation was assessed using the Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT), a behavioral-economic task that models the relative reinforcing value of smoking under varying monetary constraint. Dependence severity was measured using the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence total scores (FTND), and FTND total scores minus items 1 and 4 (FTND2,3,5,6). We also assessed associations between dependence severity and smoking motivation with nicotine levels and metabolism rate. Principal Component Analysis was used to examine the latent structure of the conventional five CPT indices; bivariate and multivariable modeling was used to test associations. Factor analysis resulted in a two-factor solution, Amplitude (demand unconstrained by price) and Persistence (price sensitivity). CPT latent factors were associated with each dependence-severity measure (ps <= 0.0001), with associations stronger for Amplitude than Persistence across each, especially HSI which was exclusively associated with Amplitude. Amplitude and each dependence measure were associated with nicotine intake (ps <= 0.0002); Persistence was not (p =.19). Demand Amplitude more than Persistence appears key to understanding individual differences in dependence severity. Regarding potential application, the results suggest a need for interventions that more effectively target demand Amplitude to make greater headway in reducing smoking in vulnerable populations.
机译：我们研究了阐明吸烟动机和相关药理学过程是否有助于提高弱势群体吸烟者对尼古丁依赖性的理解。在佛蒙特大学、布朗大学、约翰霍普金斯大学的745名成人吸烟者中，共有2016名患有共同病态精神疾病或社会经济缺陷的人获得了OCT、2019和9之间的数据。使用香烟购买任务（CPT）评估吸烟动机。CPT是一项行为经济任务，模拟了在不同的金钱约束下吸烟的相对强化价值。使用重度吸烟指数（HSI）、Fagerstrom尼古丁依赖总分测试（FTND）和FTND总分减去第1项和第4项（FTND2,3,5,6）来测量依赖程度。我们还评估了依赖程度和吸烟动机与尼古丁水平和代谢率之间的关系。主成分分析用于检验常规五个CPT指数的潜在结构；使用双变量和多变量建模来检验相关性。因子分析得出了一个双因素解决方案，振幅（需求不受价格约束）和持续性（价格敏感性）。CPT潜在因素与每个依赖性严重程度测量值相关（ps<=0.0001），在每个测量值中，振幅相关性强于持续性，尤其是仅与振幅相关的HSI。振幅和每个依赖性指标与尼古丁摄入量相关（ps<=0.0002）；持久性则不显著（p=0.19）。对于理解依赖严重程度的个体差异，需求幅度似乎比持久性更为关键。关于潜在的应用，研究结果表明，需要采取更有效地针对需求幅度的干预措施，以便在减少弱势人群吸烟方面取得更大进展。

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