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首页> 外文期刊>Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of the American Psychosomatic Society >Specificity in Associations of Anger Frequency and Expression With Different Causes of Mortality Over 20 Years
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Specificity in Associations of Anger Frequency and Expression With Different Causes of Mortality Over 20 Years

机译：愤怒频率和表达在20年内不同死亡原因的特异性

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Objective Although evidence has linked anger and hostility with all-cause mortality risk, less research has examined whether anger frequency and expression (outwardly expressing angry feelings) are linked to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods In 1996, men (n = 17,352) free of medical conditions from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study reported anger frequency and aggressive expression levels. Deaths were ascertained from participants' families, postal authorities, and death registries. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality risk until 2016 with a 2-year lag, adjusting for a range of relevant covariates. Results There were 4881 deaths throughout follow-up. After adjustment for sociodemographics and health status, moderate and higher (versus lower) levels of anger frequency and aggressive expression were generally unrelated to the risk of death from all-cause, neurological, or respiratory diseases. However, cardiovascular mortality risk was greater with higher anger frequency (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.01-1.34), whereas cancer mortality risk was greater with higher anger expression (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.98-1.33). Results were similar after including all covariates and stronger when considering anger expression's interaction with frequency. Conclusions In this cohort of men, experiencing angry feelings and expressing them aggressively were related to an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and cancer but not from other specific causes, over two decades. These results suggest that not only the experience of negative emotions but also how they are managed may be critical for some but not all health outcomes, highlighting the importance of considering causes of death separately when investigating psychosocial determinants of mortality.
机译：目的尽管有证据表明愤怒和敌意与全因死亡风险有关，但很少有研究探讨愤怒频率和表达（表面上表达愤怒情绪）是否与全因和特定原因死亡率有关。方法1996年，健康专业人员随访研究中无疾病的男性（n=17352）报告了愤怒频率和攻击性表达水平。死亡情况由参与者的家属、邮政当局和死亡登记处确定。Cox比例风险回归模型估计了截至2016年的死亡率风险的风险比（HRs）和95%置信区间（CI），滞后2年，并对一系列相关协变量进行了调整。结果随访期间死亡4881例。在对社会人口统计学和健康状况进行调整后，中等和较高水平（与较低水平相比）的愤怒频率和攻击性表达通常与全因、神经或呼吸系统疾病死亡的风险无关。然而，更高的愤怒频率（HR=1.17，95%CI=1.01-1.34）会增加心血管疾病的死亡风险，而更高的愤怒表达（HR=1.14，95%CI=0.98-1.33）会增加癌症的死亡风险。包括所有协变量后，结果相似，考虑到愤怒表达与频率的相互作用时，结果更强。结论在这组男性中，经历愤怒情绪并积极表达愤怒情绪与心血管疾病和癌症死亡风险增加有关，但与其他特定原因无关。这些结果表明，不仅负面情绪的体验，而且负面情绪的管理方式可能对一些但不是所有的健康结果都至关重要，这突出了在调查死亡的心理社会决定因素时，单独考虑死亡原因的重要性。

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