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首页> 外文期刊>The International journal of drug policy >Supplying synthetic opioids during a pandemic: An early look at North America
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Supplying synthetic opioids during a pandemic: An early look at North America

机译：在大流行期间提供合成阿片类药物：早期看北美

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International commerce and travel have been restricted in order to limit the spread of COVID-19. The illegal trafficking in drugs, which is often concealed in other commercial activity, will be affected by these disruptions. This is particularly true for precursor chemicals, controlled substances of synthetic origin, and new psychoactive substances coming from Asia. China hosts large and under-regulated pharmaceutical and chemical sectors that provide many of the active ingredients used both in legitimate medicines and illicit fentanyl and methamphetamine. Unregulated producers and vendors in China have been supplying drug trafficking organizations in Mexico or using the internet and postal service to directly sell fentanyl to buyers in North America. The magnitude of supply shortages and interrupted trade of chemicals and synthetic drugs coming from China will depend on the breadth and depth of COVID-19's disruptions. In turn, this could impact vulnerable drug-using populations. Drawing on historical accounts of prior supply disruptions, this commentary offers some initial speculation as to the possible effects of COVID-19 on the supply of synthetic drugs like fentanyl and precursor chemicals supplied to North America from China, which may have important lessons for other parts of the globe. Prior supply disruptions coincided with elevated prices and reduced purities of street drugs as well as increases in the number of users entering treatment. However, it is challenging to predict how developments will unfold given the unprecedented nature of this pandemic. A short-term breakdown in supply chains, interrupted trade, or social distancing mandates may not have much of an effect on the availability of synthetic drugs. Yet, disruptions in trade for months or years could shape how drugs are supplied or used. Drug policy will need to evaluate market indicators as soon as they are available but responding now with expanded medication therapies, like methadone, may help save lives. The drug policy landscape could look different in a post-COVID world.
机译：限制2019冠状病毒疾病的传播，限制了国际商业和旅游。毒品的非法贩运往往隐藏在其他商业活动中，将受到这些干扰的影响。对于前体化学品、合成来源的受控物质和来自亚洲的新精神活性物质来说尤其如此。中国拥有大型且监管不足的制药和化工行业，这些行业提供了许多用于合法药物以及非法芬太尼和去氧麻黄碱的活性成分。中国不受监管的生产商和销售商一直在向墨西哥的贩毒组织供货，或利用互联网和邮政服务直接向北美的买家销售芬太尼。来自中国的化学品和合成药物的供应短缺和贸易中断的程度将取决于新冠肺炎破坏的广度和深度。反过来，这可能会影响易受伤害的吸毒人群。2019冠状病毒疾病的历史记录，对CVID-19对合成药物如芬太尼和前体化学品供应给中国北美洲的可能影响进行了初步推测，这对全球其他地区可能有重要的教训。此前供应中断的同时，街头毒品的价格上涨、纯度降低，以及接受治疗的人数增加。然而，鉴于这场大流行前所未有的性质，预测事态发展将如何发展是一个挑战。供应链的短期崩溃、贸易中断或社会疏远指令可能不会对合成药物的供应产生太大影响。然而，数月或数年的贸易中断可能会影响药品的供应或使用。药物政策将需要在市场指标可用后尽快评估，但现在通过扩大药物治疗（如美沙酮）做出反应，可能有助于挽救生命。在后新冠病毒时代，毒品政策的前景可能会有所不同。

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