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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Diversity of petals in Berberidaceae: development, micromorphology, and structure of floral nectaries
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Diversity of petals in Berberidaceae: development, micromorphology, and structure of floral nectaries

机译：BERBERIDACEAE的花瓣多样性：开发，微晶和花卉水平的结构

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摘要

Petals are important floral organs that exhibit considerable morphological diversity in terms of colour, shape, and size. The varied morphologies of mature petals can be linked to developmental differences. The petals of Berberidaceae (a core group of Ranunculales) range from flat sheets to complex structures with nectaries, but studies on petal development and structural diversity in this group are lacking. Here, the petal development, structure, and micromorphology of seven Berberidaceae genera are characterized by microscopy to clarify the diversity of petals within this group. The results indicate that no common petal-stamen primordium exists, that petal development proceeds through five stages, and that the differentiation responsible for the diversity of the mature petals occurs during stage 4. Processes contributing to the morphological diversity of mature petals include edge thickening, gland formation, and spur formation. Nandina and Diphylleia lack nectaries. Gymnospermium has saccate nectaries, Caulophyllum has nectaries on the petal margin, Epimedium has spur nectaries, and Berberis and Mahonia have glands at the base of petals. Petal nectaries usually consist of a secretory epidermis, two to twenty layers of secretory parenchyma cells, and vascular tissues. Eleven distinct cell types were observed in the petal epidermis, three of which are secretory; papillose cells appear to be absent in Diphylleia, which shows relatively little micromorphological variation. The ancestors of Berberidaceae may have nectaries in thickened areas of their petals. The micromorphology and nectary structures of the petals in Ranunculales are also compared.
机译：花瓣是重要的花器官，在颜色、形状和大小方面表现出相当大的形态多样性。成熟花瓣的不同形态可能与发育差异有关。小檗科（毛茛属的核心类群）的花瓣从扁平到复杂的蜜腺结构不等，但对这一类群的花瓣发育和结构多样性缺乏研究。在这里，通过显微镜对小檗科七个属的花瓣发育、结构和微形态进行了表征，以阐明该类群中花瓣的多样性。结果表明，不存在共同的花瓣雄蕊原基，花瓣发育经历五个阶段，成熟花瓣多样性的分化发生在第4阶段。导致成熟花瓣形态多样性的过程包括边缘增厚、腺体形成和距形成。Nandina和Diphylleia缺乏蜜腺。裸子植物有囊状蜜腺，茎叶植物在花瓣边缘有蜜腺，淫羊藿有刺蜜腺，小檗和十大功劳在花瓣底部有腺体。花瓣蜜腺通常由分泌表皮、两到二十层分泌薄壁细胞和维管组织组成。在花瓣表皮中观察到11种不同的细胞类型，其中3种为分泌型；双叶状体中似乎没有乳头状细胞，其微形态变化相对较小。小檗科的祖先可能在花瓣加厚的区域有蜜腺。比较了毛茛花瓣的微形态和蜜腺结构。

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