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首页> 外文期刊>The journals of gerontology.Series A. Biological sciences and medical sciences >The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Balance, Gait, and Falls Risk: A Narrative Review of the Literature
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The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Balance, Gait, and Falls Risk: A Narrative Review of the Literature

机译：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对平衡，步态和下降风险的影响：对文献的叙事综述

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摘要

Falls-related hospitalization and injury rates are steadily increasing globally due to a growth in the aging population, and the associated health problems that increase risk of falls. One such associated health problem is sleep disturbances and disorders. Recent cohort studies have shown that subjectively reported poor quality sleep is associated with an increased risk of falls. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by the repetitive reductions, or cessation, of airflow. Some studies have shown that OSA impairs posture/balance and gait with nocturnal hypoxemia the likely main cause. Emerging evidence suggests that treating OSA by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can improve gait, but no studies to date have examined the effect of CPAP on posture/balance. The overall control of balance relies on a complex interaction between several physiological functions including vestibular, muscle, visual, and cognitive functions. We postulate that OSA impacts balance by affecting these different systems to various degrees, with the nocturnal hypoxic burden likely playing an important role. Importantly, these impairments in balance/posture and possible falls risk may be alleviated by OSA treatment. Larger mechanistic studies are needed to properly elucidate how OSA affects falls risk and future large-scale randomized control trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of OSA treatment in reducing the risk of falls.
机译：由于老龄化人口的增长，以及增加跌倒风险的相关健康问题，全球与跌倒相关的住院率和受伤率正在稳步上升。其中一个相关的健康问题是睡眠障碍和紊乱。最近的队列研究表明，主观报告的睡眠质量差与跌倒风险增加有关。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种常见的睡眠障碍，其特征是气流反复减少或停止。一些研究表明，OSA损害姿势/平衡和步态，夜间低氧血症可能是主要原因。新出现的证据表明，通过持续气道正压（CPAP）治疗OSA可以改善步态，但迄今为止没有研究检测CPAP对姿势/平衡的影响。平衡的整体控制依赖于几个生理功能之间的复杂交互作用，包括前庭、肌肉、视觉和认知功能。我们假设OSA通过在不同程度上影响这些不同的系统来影响平衡，夜间低氧负荷可能起着重要作用。重要的是，OSA治疗可以缓解这些平衡/姿势障碍和可能的跌倒风险。需要更大规模的机制研究来正确阐明OSA如何影响跌倒风险，未来需要进行大规模随机对照试验来确定OSA治疗在降低跌倒风险方面的有效性。

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