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Equine chorionic gonadotrophin: Biology and veterinary use

机译：马绒毛膜促性腺激素：生物学和兽医用途

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The pituitary gonadotrophins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) play a prominent role in the control of gonadal functions. Therefore, their use in the treatment of fertility disorders (e. g. anovulatory anestrus) as well as in biotechnology (e. g. superovulation, hormone programs for cycle synchronization) is of substantial interest. Preparations of FSH or LH are relatively expensive due to the laborious extraction from pituitary tissue and are therefore reserved for special indications. In primates and equids, the chorionic epithelium expresses an LH-like molecule (chorionic gonadotrophin, CG). Equine CG (eCG) selectively binds to LH receptors in equids. In all other domestic mammalian species, equine CG (eCG) shows an extraordinarily high FSH activity in addition to its LH activity ("dual activity"). Since its market launch, this has therefore gained considerable importance as a comparatively inexpensive FSH analogue, mainly for use in ruminants and pigs. In contrast to the human CG (hCG), which may be isolated non-invasively from the urine of pregnant women and is widely used as LH analogue, eCG must be extracted from the blood of pregnant donor mares, as eCG concentrations in urine are only minimal. Following reports of deaths and suffering of donor mares associated with eCG collection in South American settings, the current practice of eCG production has given rise to increasing public criticism. This has recently led to calls for a general production ban. Primary aim of this review is therefore to summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the properties and biology of this molecule, which is also highly interesting from the point of view of basic science.
机译：垂体促性腺激素卵泡刺激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）在性腺功能的控制中起着重要作用。因此，它们在治疗生育障碍（如无排卵性乏情）以及生物技术（如超排卵、周期同步激素项目）中的应用具有重大意义。FSH或LH的制备相对昂贵，因为需要从垂体组织中费力地提取，因此只能用于特殊适应症。在灵长类和马类动物中，绒毛膜上皮表达LH样分子（绒毛膜促性腺激素，CG）。马CG（eCG）选择性结合马的LH受体。在所有其他家养哺乳动物中，马CG（eCG）除了LH活性（“双重活性”）外，还表现出极高的FSH活性。因此，自其上市以来，作为一种相对廉价的FSH类似物，它已变得相当重要，主要用于反刍动物和猪。人CG（hCG）可以从孕妇尿液中无创分离出来，并被广泛用作LH类似物。与此相反，eCG必须从孕妇供体母马的血液中提取，因为尿液中的eCG浓度非常低。据报道，在南美环境下，与心电图采集相关的供体母马死亡和受苦，目前的心电图制作实践已引起越来越多的公众批评。最近，人们呼吁全面禁止生产。因此，本综述的主要目的是总结有关这种分子的性质和生物学的知识现状，从基础科学的角度来看，这也是非常有趣的。

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