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首页> 外文期刊>Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology >Biological effects of inhaled hydraulic fracturing sand dust. III. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in cultured murine macrophage cells
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Biological effects of inhaled hydraulic fracturing sand dust. III. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in cultured murine macrophage cells

机译:吸入水力压裂砂粉尘的生物学效应。 III。 培养鼠巨噬细胞中的细胞毒性和促炎反应

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Cultured murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were used to investigate the effects of fracking sand dust (FSD) for its pro-inflammatory activity, in order to gain insight into the potential toxicity to workers associated with inhalation of FSD during hydraulic fracturing. While the role of respirable crystalline silica in the development of silicosis is well documented, nothing is known about the toxicity of inhaled FSD. The FSD (FSD 8) used in these studies was from an unconventional gas well drilling site. FSD 8was prepared as a 10 mg/ml stock solution in sterile PBS, vortexed for 15 s, and allowed to sit at room temperature for 30 min before applying the suspension to RAW 264.7cells. Compared to PBS controls, cellular viability was significantly decreased after a 24 h exposure to FSD. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the production of IL-6, TNF alpha, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were up-regulated as a result of the exposure, whereas the hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot) was only detected in an acellular system. Immunofluorescent staining of cells against TNF alpha revealed that FSD 8 caused cellular blebbing, and engulfment of FSD 8 by macrophages was observed with enhanced dark-field microscopy. The observed changes in cellular viability, cellular morphology, free radical generation and cytokine production all confirm that FSD 8 is cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells and warrants future studies into the specific pathways and mechanisms by which these toxicities occur.
机译:使用培养的小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW 264.7)研究压裂沙尘(FSD)的促炎活性,以了解水力压裂期间吸入FSD对工人的潜在毒性。虽然可吸入结晶二氧化硅在矽肺发展中的作用已被充分证明,但吸入FSD的毒性尚不清楚。这些研究中使用的FSD(FSD 8)来自非常规气井钻井现场。FSD 8在无菌PBS中以10 mg/ml储备溶液的形式制备,旋转15 s,并在室温下静置30 min,然后将悬浮液应用于原始264.7细胞。与PBS对照组相比,暴露于FSD 24小时后,细胞活力显著降低。细胞内活性氧(ROS)的产生以及IL-6、TNF-α和内皮素-1(ET-1)的产生因暴露而上调,而羟自由基((OH)-O-中心点)仅在脱细胞系统中检测到。细胞对TNF-α的免疫荧光染色显示FSD 8引起细胞起泡,增强的暗场显微镜观察到巨噬细胞吞噬FSD 8。观察到的细胞活力、细胞形态、自由基生成和细胞因子产生的变化都证实了FSD 8对RAW 264.7细胞具有细胞毒性,并为进一步研究这些毒性发生的具体途径和机制提供了依据。

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