Every single street? Rethinking full coverage across street‐level imagery platforms

Quinn Sterling; Alvarez León Luis

摘要

Abstract >Street‐level images taken by vehicles and pedestrians have found a role in various companies’ location‐based intelligence services. Some platforms collect their images using their own cars and drivers, while others rely on crowdsourcing; however, to what extent can we expect crowdsourced approaches to reach the imagery coverage levels obtained by paid drivers? Is capturing every single street a useful or obtainable goal? We use online coverage maps to compare Google Street View, Mapillary, and OpenStreetCam in 24 major world cities and 25 differently sized cities in Brazil. We find that Google has often taken an all‐or‐nothing approach to collecting coverage in world cities, whereas crowdsourced platforms have achieved a more even distribution of coverage across space. Extremely low‐ and high‐income neighborhoods are sometimes omitted due to visible and invisible barriers. Coverage patterns are influenced by how and why each company procures imagery, along with other social, economic, and geographic factors. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span>由车辆和行人拍摄的街道级图像在多家公司基于位置的智能服务中发挥了作用。一些平台使用自己的汽车和司机收集图像，而其他平台则依赖众包；然而，我们能期望众包方法在多大程度上达到付费司机获得的图像覆盖水平？捕捉每一条街道是有用的还是可以实现的目标？我们使用在线覆盖地图比较了全球24个主要城市和巴西25个不同大小城市的谷歌街景、Mapillary和OpenStreetCam。我们发现，谷歌经常采取要么全有要么全无的方式来收集世界城市的覆盖率，而众包平台则实现了覆盖率在整个空间的更均匀分布。由于有形和无形的障碍，极低收入和高收入社区有时会被忽略。报道模式受每家公司获取图像的方式和原因以及其他社会、经济和地理因素的影响 </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-31674/'>《Transactions in GIS: TG》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第6期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共22页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Quinn Sterling&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Quinn Sterling;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Alvarez León Luis&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Alvarez León Luis;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of GeographyCentral Washington UniversityEllensburg Washington;</p> <p>Department of GeographyDartmouth CollegeHanover New Hampshire;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/4940.html" title="测绘数据库与信息系统">测绘数据库与信息系统;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a 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