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首页> 外文期刊>Trends in Microbiology >Structural and Biosynthetic Diversity of Nonulosonic Acids (NulOs) That Decorate Surface Structures in Bacteria
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Structural and Biosynthetic Diversity of Nonulosonic Acids (NulOs) That Decorate Surface Structures in Bacteria

机译：非膦酸的结构和生物合成多样性（乏味），其在细菌中装饰表面结构

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摘要

Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a diverse family of 9-carbon alpha-keto acid sugars that are involved in a wide range of functions across all branches of life. The family of NulOs includes the sialic acids as well as the prokaryote-specific NulOs. Select bacteria biosynthesize the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and the ability to produce this sugar and its subsequent incorporation into cell-surface structures is implicated in a variety of bacteria-host interactions. Furthermore, scavenging of sialic acid from the environment for energy has been characterized across a diverse group of bacteria, mainly human commensals and pathogens. In addition to sialic acid, bacteria have the ability to biosynthesize prokaryote-specific NulOs, of which there are several known isomers characterized. These prokaryotic NulOs are similar in structure to Neu5Ac but little is known regarding their role in bacterial physiology. Here, we discuss the diversity in structure, the biosynthesis pathways, and the functions of bacteria-specific NulOs. These carbohydrates are phylogenetically widespread among bacteria, with numerous structurally unique modifications recognized. Despite the diversity in structure, the NulOs are involved in similar functions such as motility, biofilm formation, host colonization, and immune evasion.
机译：非果糖酸（Nonulosonic acids，NulOs）是一个由9-碳α-酮酸糖组成的多样化家族，在生命的各个分支中发挥着广泛的功能。NulOs家族包括唾液酸和原核生物特有的NulOs。选择性细菌生物合成唾液酸N-乙酰神经氨酸（Neu5Ac），产生这种糖并随后将其并入细胞表面结构的能力与多种细菌-宿主相互作用有关。此外，从环境中清除唾液酸以获取能量的特性已在多种细菌中得到证实，主要是人类共生菌和病原体。除了唾液酸，细菌还能够生物合成原核生物特有的NulOs，其中有几种已知的异构体。这些原核NulOs在结构上与Neu5Ac相似，但对其在细菌生理学中的作用知之甚少。在这里，我们讨论了细菌特异性核仁的结构多样性、生物合成途径和功能。这些碳水化合物在细菌中广泛存在，并有许多独特的结构修饰。尽管在结构上存在多样性，但NulOs参与类似的功能，如运动、生物膜形成、宿主定植和免疫逃避。

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