...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied toxicology >Chemical warfare agent simulants for human volunteer trials of emergency decontamination: A systematic review
【24h】

Chemical warfare agent simulants for human volunteer trials of emergency decontamination: A systematic review

机译：用于应急净化的人类志愿者试验的化学战争试验：系统审查

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Abstract Incidents involving the release of chemical agents can pose significant risks to public health. In such an event, emergency decontamination of affected casualties may need to be undertaken to reduce injury and possible loss of life. To ensure these methods are effective, human volunteer trials (HVTs) of decontamination protocols, using simulant contaminants, have been conducted. Simulants must be used to mimic the physicochemical properties of more harmful chemicals, while remaining non‐toxic at the dose applied. This review focuses on studies that employed chemical warfare agent simulants in decontamination contexts, to identify those simulants most suitable for use in HVTs of emergency decontamination. Twenty‐two simulants were identified, of which 17 were determined unsuitable for use in HVTs. The remaining simulants ( n ?=?5) were further scrutinized for potential suitability according to toxicity, physicochemical properties and similarities to their equivalent toxic counterparts. Three suitable simulants, for use in HVTs were identified; methyl salicylate (simulant for sulphur mustard), diethyl malonate (simulant for soman) and malathion (simulant for VX or toxic industrial chemicals). All have been safely used in previous HVTs, and have a range of physicochemical properties that would allow useful inference to more toxic chemicals when employed in future studies of emergency decontamination systems.
机译：涉及化学制剂释放的事件可能对公众健康构成重大风险。在这种情况下，可能需要对受影响的人员进行紧急净化，以减少伤害和可能的生命损失。为了确保这些方法的有效性，已经进行了使用模拟污染物的人类志愿者去污试验（HVT）。必须使用模拟物来模拟更有害化学物质的物理化学性质，同时在应用剂量下保持无毒。本综述侧重于在去污环境中使用化学战剂模拟物的研究，以确定最适合用于紧急去污HVT的模拟物。确定了22种模拟物，其中17种被确定不适合用于HVT。根据毒性、理化性质以及与等效毒性对应物的相似性，进一步检查剩余模拟物（n？=？5）的潜在适用性。确定了三种适用于HVT的模拟物；水杨酸甲酯（硫芥的模拟物）、丙二酸二乙酯（梭曼的模拟物）和马拉硫磷（VX或有毒工业化学品的模拟物）。所有这些都已在之前的HVT中安全使用，并且具有一系列物理化学性质，当用于紧急去污系统的未来研究时，可以对更多有毒化学品进行有用的推断。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号