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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied toxicology >Alleviating effects of reduced graphene oxide against lead-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells
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Alleviating effects of reduced graphene oxide against lead-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells

机译：减少石墨烯氧化物对人肺泡上皮细胞（A549）细胞中铅诱导的细胞毒性和氧化应激的影响

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Broad application of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and ubiquitous lead (Pb) pollution may increase the possibility of combined exposure of humans. Information on the combined effects of rGO and Pb in human cells is scarce. This work was designed to explore the potential effects of rGO on Pb-induced toxicity in human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. Prepared rGO was polycrystalline in nature. The formation of a few layers of visible creases and silky morphology due to high aspect ratio was confirmed. Low level (25 mu g/mL) of rGO was not toxic to A549 cells. However, Pb exposure (25 mu g/mL) induced cell viability reduction, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme leakage with rounded morphology in A549 cells. Remarkably, Pb-induced cytotoxicity was significantly mitigated by rGO co-exposure. Pb-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cell cycle arrest and higher activity of caspase-3 and -9 enzymes were also alleviated by rGO co-exposure. Moreover, we observed that Pb exposure causes generation of pro-oxidants (e.g., reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant depletion (e.g., glutathione and antioxidant enzymes). In addition, the effects of Pb on pro-oxidant and antioxidant markers were significantly reverted by GO co-exposure. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry suggested that due to the adsorption of Pb on rGO sheets, accessibility of Pb ions for A549 cells was limited. Hence, rGO reduced the toxicity of Pb in A549 cells. This research warrants further study to work on detailed underlying mechanisms of the mitigating effects of rGO against Pb-induced toxicity on a molecular level.
机译：还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）和普遍存在的铅（Pb）污染的广泛应用可能会增加人类联合暴露的可能性。关于rGO和Pb在人体细胞中的联合作用的信息很少。本研究旨在探讨rGO对铅诱导的人肺泡上皮（A549）细胞毒性的潜在影响。制备的rGO为多晶性质。由于高纵横比，形成了几层可见的折痕和丝般的形态。低水平（25μg/mL）的rGO对A549细胞没有毒性。然而，在A549细胞中，铅暴露（25μg/mL）导致细胞活力降低，乳酸脱氢酶泄漏，形态呈圆形。值得注意的是，rGO共暴露可显著减轻铅诱导的细胞毒性。铅引起的线粒体膜电位损失、细胞周期停滞以及caspase-3和caspase-9酶活性升高也被rGO共暴露所缓解。此外，我们观察到，铅暴露会导致促氧化剂（如活性氧、过氧化氢和脂质过氧化）的产生和抗氧化剂的消耗（如谷胱甘肽和抗氧化酶）。此外，铅对促氧化剂和抗氧化标记物的影响在GO co暴露后显著恢复。电感耦合等离子体质谱表明，由于铅在rGO板上的吸附，A549细胞对铅离子的可及性受到限制。因此，rGO降低了铅对A549细胞的毒性。这项研究需要进一步研究rGO在分子水平上减轻铅毒性的详细潜在机制。

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