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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Comparative Physiology, B. Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology >Nitric oxide metabolites in hypoxia, freezing, and hibernation of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica
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Nitric oxide metabolites in hypoxia, freezing, and hibernation of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica

机译：缺氧，冻结和冬眠的一氧化氮代谢物，林蛙，Rana sylvatica

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical that in diverse organisms performs many signaling and protective functions, such as vasoregulation, inhibition of apoptosis, antioxidation, and metabolic suppression. Increased availability of NO may be especially important during life-history periods when organisms contend with multiple stresses. We investigated dynamics of the NO metabolites, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), in the blood plasma, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica), an amphibian that endures chronic cold, freezing, hypoxia, dehydration, and extended aphagia during hibernation. We found elevated concentrations of NO2- and/or NO3- in the plasma (up to 4.1-fold), heart (3.1-fold), and liver (up to 4.1-fold) of frogs subjected to experimental hypoxia (24h, 4 degrees C), and in the liver (up to 3.8-fold) of experimentally frozen frogs (48h, -2.5 degrees C), suggesting that increased NO availability aids in survival of these stresses. During a 38-week period of simulated hibernation, NO2- and/or NO3- increased in the plasma (up to 10.4-fold), heart (up to 3.3-fold), and liver (5.0-fold) during an initial 5-week winter-acclimatization regimen and generally remained elevated thereafter. In hibernation, plasma NO2- was higher in frogs indigenous to Interior Alaska than in conspecifics from a temperate locale (southern Ohio), suggesting that NO availability is matched to the severity of environmental conditions prevailing in winter. The comparatively high NO availability in R. sylvatica, a stress-tolerant species, together with published values for other species, suggest that the NO protection system is of general importance in the stress adaptation of vertebrates.
机译：一氧化氮（NO）是一种气态自由基，在多种生物体中发挥许多信号和保护功能，如血管调节、抑制凋亡、抗氧化和代谢抑制。在生物体与多种压力抗争的生命史时期，增加NO的可用性可能特别重要。我们研究了木蛙（Rana sylvatica）血浆、心脏、肝脏和骨骼肌中NO代谢物亚硝酸盐（NO2-）和硝酸盐（NO3-）的动态，木蛙是一种两栖动物，在冬眠期间忍受慢性寒冷、冰冻、缺氧、脱水和长时间失语。我们发现，在实验性缺氧（24小时，4摄氏度）的青蛙的血浆（高达4.1倍）、心脏（3.1倍）和肝脏（高达4.1倍）中，以及在实验性冷冻青蛙（48小时，-2.5摄氏度）的肝脏（高达3.8倍）中，NO2和/或NO3的浓度升高，表明NO的增加有助于这些应激的存活。在38周的模拟冬眠期间，在最初的5周冬季驯化方案中，血浆（高达10.4倍）、心脏（高达3.3倍）和肝脏（5.0倍）中的NO2-和/或NO3-增加，此后通常保持升高。在冬眠期间，阿拉斯加内陆土生土长的青蛙的血浆NO2-高于温带地区（俄亥俄州南部）的同种青蛙，这表明没有可用性与冬季普遍存在的环境条件的严重程度相匹配。耐应激物种红松体内相对较高的NO可用性，以及其他物种的公布值，表明NO保护系统在脊椎动物的应激适应中具有普遍重要性。

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