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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >The Sandwich Priming Paradigm Does Not Reduce Lexical Competitor Effects
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The Sandwich Priming Paradigm Does Not Reduce Lexical Competitor Effects

机译：三明治灌注范式不会减少词汇竞争对手效应

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We investigated the mechanisms underlying sandwich priming, a procedure in which a brief preprime target presentation precedes the conventional mask-prime-target sequence, used to study orthographic similarity. Lupker and Davis (2009) showed the sandwich paradigm enhances orthographic priming effects: With primes moderately related to targets, sandwich priming produced significant facilitation, but conventional priming did not. They argued that unlike conventional priming, sandwich priming is not susceptible to an uncontrolled counteractive inhibitory process, lexical competition, that cancels out moderate facilitation effects. They suggest lexical competition is eliminated by preactivating the target's representation, privileging the target over similar lexical units (competitors). As such, it better measures orthographic relatedness between primes and targets, a key purpose of many priming studies. We tested whether elimination of lexical competition could indeed account for the observed orthographic priming boost with sandwich priming. In three lexical decision experiments and accompanying simulations with a competitive network model, we compared priming effects in three preprime procedures: no preprime (conventional), identity (target) preprime (sandwich), and competitor preprime (included to exacerbate lexical competition). The related prime conditions consisted of replaced-letters, shared neighbor (one-letter-different from both competitor preprime and target), and transposed-all-letter nonword primes. Contrary to the model's predictions, the competitor preprime did not attenuate (Experiment 1) or even reverse the priming effect (Experiment 2). Moreover, the competitor enabled facilitatory priming that was absent with no preprime (Experiment 3). These data suggested that the sandwich orthographic boost could not be attributed to reduced lexical competition but rather to prelexical processes in word recognition.
机译：我们研究了三明治启动机制，即在传统的掩模启动目标序列之前进行短暂的预处理目标呈现，用于研究正交相似性。Lupker和Davis（2009）表明，三明治范式增强了正交启动效应：当启动与靶点适度相关时，三明治启动产生了显著的促进作用，但传统启动没有。他们认为，与传统启动不同，三明治启动不易受到不受控制的反作用抑制过程，即词汇竞争的影响，该过程会抵消适度的促进效应。他们认为，通过预先激活目标的表征，使目标优先于类似的词汇单位（竞争对手），可以消除词汇竞争。因此，它可以更好地测量启动子和目标之间的正交关系，这是许多启动研究的一个关键目的。我们测试了消除词汇竞争是否真的可以解释三明治启动所观察到的正交启动增强。在三个词汇决策实验和一个竞争网络模型的模拟中，我们比较了三个预处理过程中的启动效应：无预处理（常规）、身份（目标）预处理（三明治）和竞争对手预处理（包括加剧词汇竞争）。相关的素数条件包括替换字母、共享邻居（一个字母不同于竞争对手预处理和目标），以及转置所有字母非单词素数。与模型的预测相反，参赛者的赛前准备并没有减弱（实验1），甚至没有逆转启动效应（实验2）。此外，参赛者启用了无需预先准备的便利启动（实验3）。这些数据表明，夹心正字法的提高不能归因于词汇竞争的减少，而是归因于单词识别中的临场前过程。

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