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A unique winged euthycarcinoid from the Permian of Antarctica

机译：来自南极洲二叠纪的独特的翅膀Euthycarcindoid

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摘要

Euthycarcinoid arthropods (Cambrian-Triassic) were likely the first animals to transition from oceanic to freshwater and emergent environments. Although their basic bauplan is well known, they have a poor fossil record because their non-sclerotized exoskeleton was rarely preserved. Euthycarcinoids' unusual morphology (varying numbers of body segments, seemingly dichotomous possession of either mandibles or a labrum, specialized or generalized limbs, and possession by some euthycarcinoid species of sternal poresstructures possibly analogous to coxal vesicles in myriapods) contribute to uncertainty regarding their relationship to other arthropod groups; while their poor fossil record masks the evolutionary transitions within and between the separate realms they inhabited (marine, freshwater, emergent). A new euthycarcinoid from a Permian polar proglacial lake is described herein that is morphologically unlike all other euthycarcinoids, and interpreted as being well adapted for a nekton-benthic lifestyle. Antarcticarcinus pagoda n. gen. n. sp. possesses a pair of large wing-like processes that project laterally from the preabdominal dorsal exoskeleton. A trace fossil from the overlying Mackellar Formation, cf. Orbiculichnus, which was previously interpreted as having been produced by insects taking off or landing on wet sediments, is reinterpreted herein as being produced by A. pagoda n. gen. n. sp. due to the high degree of morphological similarity between traces and body fossils. This occurrence indicates that euthycarcinoids were able to adapt to life in temperate freshwater environments, while possible subaerial adaptations hint at an ability to breathe air. Indeed, if euthycarcinoids could breathe air, Cambrian terrestrial forays and rapid transition (by the Ordovician) into freshwater environments might be explained.
机译：类癌节肢动物（寒武纪-三叠纪）可能是第一批从海洋环境过渡到淡水和紧急环境的动物。虽然它们的基本骨架是众所周知的，但它们的化石记录很差，因为它们的非硬化外骨骼很少被保存下来。类真甲癌的异常形态（不同数量的身体节段，看似两分的下颌骨或上唇，特殊或全身肢体，以及某些类真甲癌物种的胸骨孔结构可能类似于多足类动物的髋囊泡）导致了它们与其他节肢动物群关系的不确定性；虽然它们可怜的化石记录掩盖了它们居住的不同领域（海洋、淡水、新兴）内部和之间的进化过渡。本文描述了来自二叠纪极地前冰期湖泊的一种新的类真甲癌，它在形态学上不同于所有其他类真甲癌，并被解释为非常适合内克顿的底栖生活方式。Antarcticarcinus pagoda n.gen.n.sp.拥有一对从腹前背侧外骨骼侧向突出的大型翼状突起。来自上覆Mackellar地层的遗迹化石cf.Orbiculichnus之前被解释为由昆虫在湿沉积物上起飞或降落而产生，由于遗迹和身体化石之间的高度形态相似性，本文将其重新解释为由A.pagoda n.gen.n.sp.产生。这一现象表明，类正甲癌能够适应温带淡水环境中的生活，而可能的陆上适应暗示了呼吸空气的能力。事实上，如果真甲癌能够呼吸空气，那么寒武纪陆生入侵和（奥陶纪）向淡水环境的快速过渡就可以解释了。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Paleontology》 |2017年第5期|共7页
  • 作者

    Collette Joseph H.; Isbell John L.; Miller Molly F.;

  • 作者单位

    Minot State Univ Dept Geosci 500 Univ Ave West Minot ND 58707 USA;

    Univ Wisconsin Dept Geosci POB 413 2200 E Kenwood Blvd Milwaukee WI 53201 USA;

    Vanderbilt Univ Dept Earth &

    Environm Sci 5726 Stevenson Ctr 7th Floor Nashville TN 37240 USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 古生物学;
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