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Quantitative theory of integrating sphere throughput: comparison with experiments

机译：集成球吞吐量的定量理论：与实验相比

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We present a rigorous approach for measuring the throughput of an integrating sphere, from which the so-called sphere multiplier M can be derived. The critical ingredients of this approach are: (i) the transmitted power is measured at the base of an integrating port to avoid non-ideal port effects associated with reflections on the port wall; (ii) to implement this last point, optical fibers are used for light collection, providing a well-defined collection area and numerical aperture; (iii) the angular-dependent fiber throughput and detector sensitivity are determined experimentally and accounted for. We demonstrate in particular that a more realistic theory, accounting for the propagation of skew rays through the fiber, is needed to quantitatively model the fiber effect on the measured sphere throughput. We show experimentally that failure to fulfill these three points produces erroneous results, by as much as 50%. With an accurate experimentally derived sphere multiplier, agreement with theory is then obtained only if realistic ports (with non-zero reflectivity) are assumed. This provides experimental evidence for recent theoretical predictions of the importance of realistic ports [Tang et al., Appl. Opt. 57, 1581 (2018)]. Using the same experimental techniques, we also present clear experimental proof of two other predictions from that study: that the angular distribution exiting the port is strongly altered and that the overall port transmittivity is drastically reduced for high aspect ratio ports. This work will provide a solid basis for future quantitative measurements of absolute throughput and for further developments of the theory of integrating spheres. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America
机译：我们提出了一种测量积分球吞吐量的严格方法，从中可以导出所谓的球乘数M。这种方法的关键要素是：（i）在积分端口的底部测量传输功率，以避免与端口壁反射相关的非理想端口效应；（ii）为了实现这最后一点，光纤用于光收集，提供了定义明确的收集区域和数值孔径；（iii）通过实验确定并考虑了角度相关的光纤吞吐量和探测器灵敏度。我们特别证明，需要一个更现实的理论来定量模拟光纤对测量的球体吞吐量的影响，该理论解释了斜射线在光纤中的传播。我们在实验中证明，未能满足这三点会产生错误的结果，误差高达50%。使用精确的实验推导的球体倍增器，只有在假设真实端口（反射率非零）的情况下，才能获得与理论一致的结果。这为现实港口重要性的最新理论预测提供了实验证据[Tang等人，Appl.Opt.571581（2018）]。使用相同的实验技术，我们还为该研究中的另外两个预测提供了清晰的实验证据：离开端口的角度分布发生了强烈的变化，并且对于高深宽比端口，端口的整体透射率显著降低。这项工作将为未来绝对吞吐量的定量测量和积分球理论的进一步发展提供坚实的基础。（2021）美国光学学会

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  • 来源
    《Applied optics》 |2021年第18期|共10页
  • 作者

    Francis Adam; Tang Chhayly; Le Ru Eric C.;

  • 作者单位

    Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Chem &

    Phys Sci POB 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand;

    Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Chem &

    Phys Sci POB 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand;

    Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Chem &

    Phys Sci POB 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand;

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