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Antiviral application of colloidal and immobilized silver nanoparticles

机译：抗病毒应用胶体和固定银纳米粒子

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This study explored the application of colloidal and immobilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for inactivation of bacteriophages. Coliphages that are commonly used as indicators for enteric viruses, were used in this study. Colloidal AgNPs were synthesized via a chemical reduction approach using sodium borohydride as reducing agent and trisodium citrate as stabilizing agent. AgNP-immobilized glass substrate was prepared by immobilizing AgNPs on amine-functionalized glass substrate by post-immobilization method. The AgNP-immobilized glass substrate was also tested so as to minimize the release of AgNPs in the treated water. The characterization of AgNPs and the AgNP-immobilized glass surface was done using field emission gun-transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Studies conducted with varying concentrations of colloidal AgNPs displayed good antiviral activity for MS2 and T4 bacteriophage. Colloidal AgNPs at a dose of 60 mu g ml(-1) could completely inactivate MS2 and T4 bacteriophage within 30 and 50 min with an initial concentration of 10(3) PFU ml(-1). Contaminated water (100 ml) in an unstirred batch reactor with an initial bacteriophage concentration of 10(3) PFU ml(-1) could be inactivated by the AgNP-immobilized glass substrate (1 cm x 1 cm, containing 3.7 mu g cm(-2) silver) suspended centrally in the batch reactor. Complete 3-Log bacteriophage inactivation was achieved within 70 and 80 min for MS2 and T4 bacteriophage, respectively, while the aqueous silver concentration was less than 25 mu g l(-1). This is significantly lower than the recommended standard for silver in drinking water (i.e. 100 mu g l(-1), US EPA). Thus, AgNP-immobilized glass may have good potential for generating virus-free drinking water.
机译：本研究探索了胶体和固定化银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）在噬菌体灭活中的应用。大肠杆菌噬菌体通常用作肠道病毒的指示剂，本研究中使用了大肠杆菌噬菌体。以硼氢化钠为还原剂，柠檬酸三钠为稳定剂，通过化学还原法合成了胶体AgNPs。采用后固定化方法将AgNP固定在胺功能化玻璃基底上，制备了AgNP固定化玻璃基底。还对AgNP固定化玻璃基质进行了测试，以尽量减少AgNP在处理水中的释放。利用场发射枪透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对AgNP和AgNP固定化玻璃表面进行了表征。使用不同浓度的胶体AgNP进行的研究显示，对MS2和T4噬菌体具有良好的抗病毒活性。在初始浓度为10（3）PFU-ml（-1）的情况下，60μg-ml（-1）的胶体AgNPs可在30和50分钟内完全灭活MS2和T4噬菌体。在初始噬菌体浓度为10（3）PFU-ml（-1）的未搅拌间歇式反应器中，受污染的水（100 ml）可通过悬浮在间歇式反应器中央的AgNP固定化玻璃基质（1 cm x 1 cm，含有3.7μg-cm（-2）银）灭活。MS2和T4噬菌体分别在70和80分钟内完成3-Log噬菌体灭活，而水银浓度小于25μg l（-1）。这明显低于饮用水中银的建议标准（即100μg l（-1），美国环保局）。因此，AgNP固定化玻璃可能具有产生无病毒饮用水的良好潜力。

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