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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Chemical Physics >Surfactants and cloud droplet activation: A systematic extension of Kohler theory based on analysis of droplet stability
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Surfactants and cloud droplet activation: A systematic extension of Kohler theory based on analysis of droplet stability

机译：表面活性剂和云液滴激活：基于液滴稳定性分析的科勒理论系统延伸

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摘要

The activation of aerosol particles to form cloud droplets, a necessary first step in cloud formation, controls much of the impact that aerosols have on clouds and climate. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in extending the Kohler theory of cloud droplet activation to include surface active (typically organic) as well as water-soluble (typically inorganic) aerosol components, but a systematic framework for doing this has yet to be developed. Here, we apply a droplet stability analysis to this end. Ideal and Szyszkowski-Langmuir surfactant models are analyzed to demonstrate the new approach, but the underlying theoretical framework is fundamental and model free. A key finding is that superficial densities at the cloud activation threshold (Kohler maximum) are significantly sub-monolayer, with fractional coverage ranging from 69% to 85% for the organic compounds and mixtures studied. The result, significant for model inventories of cloud condensation nuclei, is a weakening of the surfactant effect relative to expectations based on bulk sample measurements. Analytical results are obtained for the loci of Kohler maxima and applied to aerosol mixtures containing an arbitrary number of water-soluble and surfactant components.
机译：气溶胶粒子活化形成云滴是云形成的必要第一步，它控制着气溶胶对云和气候的大部分影响。最近，人们对扩展Kohler云滴活化理论的兴趣激增，将其包括表面活性（通常为有机）和水溶性（通常为无机）气溶胶成分，但这方面的系统框架尚未开发。在这里，我们将对液滴稳定性进行分析。对理想和Szyszkowski-Langmuir表面活性剂模型进行了分析，以证明这种新方法，但其基本理论框架是基本的、无模型的。一个关键发现是，在云激活阈值（科勒最大值）处的表面密度明显低于单层，所研究的有机化合物和混合物的覆盖率从69%到85%不等。其结果对于云凝聚核的模型库存具有重要意义，与基于大量样品测量的预期相比，表面活性剂效应减弱。对Kohler极大值的位置进行了分析，并将其应用于含有任意数量的水溶性和表面活性剂成分的气溶胶混合物。

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