Men Who Intervene to Prevent Sexual Assault: A Grounded Theory Study on the Role of Masculinity in Bystander Intervention

摘要

Sexual violence is a significant public health problem. particularly on college campuses, and disproportionately impacts women. Bystander intervention training has been identified as a promising intervention against sexual assault, as a third party is present in similar to 1 in 3 incidents of sexual assault. However, research has found that men report greater barriers to intervention and less efficacy and intention to intervene. Research suggests that men's masculine norm socialization may contribute to reluctance to intervene, but there is little research on the role of masculinity in potentially facilitating intervention. The purpose of this study was to identify an outlier population of college men (N = 15) who have intervened against sexual assault and to qualitatively examine the social and gender-relevant factors that influenced their intervention. Using grounded theory analysis. results indicated that the core category of "bystander intervention" was composed of direct, indirect, and passive bystander behaviors. These behaviors were influenced by five key categories, which included (a) exposure to training, (b) the role of alcohol, (c) social factors, (d) individual characteristics, and (e) masculine norms. Participants described their development and navigation of masculine norms, which in turn shaped their individual characteristics, exposure to training, and how they navigated the high-risk environments where they noticed potential assaults. Participants also described their decision-making process around intervening and the strategies they used to intervene. We present an emerging theory for understanding college men's bystander intervention against sexual assault, incorporating both individual and social factors and the complex role of masculine norms.

机译：性暴力是一个重大的公共卫生问题。特别是在大学校园里，对妇女的影响不成比例。旁观者的干预培训已被确定为对性侵犯的有前途的干预，因为第三方与三分之一的性侵犯事件相似。但是，研究发现，男性报告了更大的干预障碍，较少的疗效和干预意图。研究表明，男性的男性规范社会化可能导致不愿干预，但是关于男性气质在潜在促进干预措施中的作用的研究很少。这项研究的目的是确定较为异常的大学男子（n = 15），他们干预了性侵犯，并定性地检查了影响他们干预的社会和性别相关因素。使用接地理论分析。结果表明，“旁观者干预”的核心类别由直接，间接和被动旁观者行为组成。这些行为受到五个关键类别的影响，其中包括（a）接受培训，（b）酒精的作用，（c）社会因素，（d）个体特征和（e）男性规范。参与者描述了他们对男性规范的发展和导航，反过来又塑造了他们的个人特征，接触培训以及如何导航高风险环境，他们注意到了潜在的攻击。参与者还描述了他们围绕干预的决策过程以及他们用来干预的策略。我们提出了一种新兴理论，可以理解大学男子的旁观者干预性侵犯性侵犯，并纳入个人和社会因素以及男性规范的复杂作用。

Men Who Intervene to Prevent Sexual Assault: A Grounded Theory Study on the Role of Masculinity in Bystander Intervention

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