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The Assessment of Subjective Masculine Norms in the United States

机译：美国主观男性规范的评估

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What are men's perceptions of the most important masculine norms in the United States? And how are their endorsement of these norms associated with their well-being and gender-related outcomes (e.g., sexism)? Guided by the subjective gender norms model (Wang. Ringo Ho, Wang, & Fisher, 2016), this study investigated 463 U.S. men's (M-age = 35.14) subjective masculine norms, defined as perceptions of the most important masculine norms in a group or society. The authors had two goals: (a) identify the most prevalent U.S. subjective masculine norms and (b) evaluate the psychometric properties of a U.S. version of the Subjective Masculine Norms Scale (SMNS), which measures the endorsement of subjective masculine norms. Using directed content analysis of participants' qualitative responses, the authors found that the top five most prevalent subjective masculine norms were emotional toughness, providing for family, avoidance of femininity, being a gentleman, and work. Regarding the psychometric properties of the SMNS, a measurement model with two factors corresponding to prescriptive norms (what men should do) and proscriptive norms (what men should not do) best fit the data. 'Me authors also provided convergent, criterion-related, discriminant. and incremental evidence for the SIVLNS subscales' validity as well as evidence for their internal consistency. In particular, the SMNS subscales were associated with well-being and gender-related outcomes but not with self-deception enhancement and impression management. The authors conclude by highlighting the distinctiveness of subjective masculine norms, offering an empirical approach to assessing masculine norms in a society or group, and proposing interventions for men based on masculine norms.
机译：男人对美国最重要的男性规范的看法是什么？他们对这些规范的认可如何与它们的福祉和与性别相关的结果（例如性别歧视）有关？在主观性别规范模型（Wang。RingoHo，Wang和Fisher，2016年）的指导下，本研究研究了463个美国男性（M-AGE = 35.14）主观男性规范，定义为对一组最重要的男性规范的感知或社会。作者有两个目标：（a）确定最普遍的美国主观男性规范，（b）评估美国版本的主观男性规范量表（SMN）的心理测量特性，该量表（SMNS）衡量了主观男性规范的认可。作者使用参与者的定性反应的定向内容分析，发现最普遍的主观男性规范是情感上的韧性，为家庭提供了韧性，避免了女性气质，成为绅士和工作。关于SMN的心理计量学特性，一个测量模型具有两个因素，这些因素对应于规定规范（男人应该做什么）和禁止的规范（男人不应该做什么）最适合数据。我的作者还提供了收敛性，标准相关，判别。 SIVLNS子量表的有效性以及其内部一致性的证据。特别是，SMNS子量表与幸福感和与性别相关的结果相关，但与自我欺骗的增强和印象管理无关。作者结束时强调了主观男性规范的独特性，提供了一种评估社会或群体中男性规范的经验方法，并提出了基于男性规范的男性干预措施。

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