The Crisis in Achieving a Sense of Manhood Among Israeli Veterans Who Suffer From Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Ohad Gilbar; Rachel Dekel; Gabriela Spector-MerselOfir Levi

摘要

Although war is a central setting in which men are judged by their success in meeting gendered societal expectations, literature regarding the effects of (a) exposure to a combat event and (b) combat-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) on a men's sense of masculinity is limited. The aim of the current study was to examine how Israeli veterans with PTSS perceived their masculinity as a result of the traumatic combat event. We also wished to better understand how they achieve their sense of manhood, while coping with PTSS, and the contributions of war and its aftermath to gender role stress in the Israeli context. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. Fourteen Israeli former combat soldiers with PTSS participated in comprehensive interviews in which common themes were identified via content analysis. The findings revealed two main changes in the veteran's sense of masculinity: (a) a crisis in achieving a sense of masculinity due to the traumatic event, and the veteran's self-perception as having failed to fulfill "manly" expectations, and (b) extremism in traditional masculine behaviors as compensation for that crisis. These findings point to how the PTSS-afflicted veteran's sense of manhood is affected by his perceptions of the ideal Israeli warrior, and how these perceptions contribute to a unique form of gender role stress: a narcissistic masculine wound, which may lead men to use violence and hypersexuality in an attempt to reclaim their masculinity. The role of attitudes toward traditional masculine norms in the process of treatment, change, and recovery is discussed.

机译：尽管战争是一个中心环境，其中男人的成功来判断他们在满足性别的社会期望方面，但有关（a）暴露于战斗事件的影响以及（b）与战斗有关的创伤后压力症状（PTS）对男士意识的影响男性气质有限。当前研究的目的是检查以色列退伍军人如何看待其男子气概，这是由于创伤性战斗事件的结果。我们还希望更好地了解他们如何在应对PTSS的同时，以及战争的贡献及其在以色列背景下对性别角色压力的贡献。进行了定性现象学研究。有14名以色列的前战斗士兵与PTSS参加了全面的访谈，其中通过内容分析确定了共同的主题。这些发现揭示了退伍军人的男性气质的两个主要变化：（a）因创伤事件而实现男性气质的危机，而退伍军人的自我感知未能满足“男子气概”的期望，以及（b）传统男性行为中的极端主义作为危机的赔偿。这些发现指出了由PTSS支持的退伍军人的男子气概如何受到对理想以色列战士的看法的影响，以及这些看法如何促进性别角色的独特形式：自恋的男性伤口，这可能会导致男性使用暴力来利用暴力行为，以利用暴力行为。和异性恋，试图恢复男性气质。讨论了对传统男性规范的态度在治疗，变化和恢复过程中的作用。

The Crisis in Achieving a Sense of Manhood Among Israeli Veterans Who Suffer From Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

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