Perception of Multi-Cue Indexicai Speech Leads to Amplified Stereotyping

Jennifer M. Roche; Quiana Hatten; Grace Murray

摘要

Negative appraisals may stem from the identification of a social mismatch (i.e., expectation violation) of cues assumed by in-group characteristics, with out-group persons perceived more negatively. Few studies have focused on the compounding effects of multi-factor out-group socio-vocal cues that indexically mark social appraisals, potentially leading to reliance on stereotypes and thus heightened social stigmatization. A matched-guise technique was used to create two vocal socio-indexical cues to speaker identity (out-group accent; stuttering) that may independently garner negative social appraisal, increasing the likelihood of social stigmatization when they occur together. Digitally manipulated stuttered speech from two U.S. American accented male speakers (Northern; Southern) was presented to typically fluent U.S. Northern (USN) accented listeners in a computer mouse-tracking paradigm. Results indicated that while both accented speakers who had a pseudo-stutter were perceived negatively, the USN listeners tended to perceive the speaker with multiple out-group vocal cues (pSWS - U.S. Southern accented speaker who pseudo-stutters) more negatively relative to the speaker with one in-group and one out-group cue (pNWS - U.S. Northern accented speaker who pseudo-stutters). Findings suggest that individuals with multiple socio-indexical out-group cues may experience amplified negative appraisals through compounding effects of socio-indexical cue perception, which could lead to amplified stereotypes and discrimination in real-world contexts.

机译：负面评估可能源于对团体内特征所假定的线索的社会不匹配（即期望违反）的识别，而小组外的人则更加负面看法。很少有研究集中在多因素外部社会声明的复杂作用上，这些群体索引标志着社会评估，可能导致依赖刻板印象，从而增强了社会污名化。一种匹配的实体技术被用来创建两个声音社会独立的线索，以向说话者的身份（小组口音;口吃）创建可能独立地获得负面社会评估，从而增加社会污名化的可能性。在计算机鼠标跟踪的范式中，向两名美国加重男性演讲者（北方）的数字操纵口吃的演讲呈现给了美国北部流利的听众（USN）。结果表明，尽管两位具有伪用的演讲者都受到负面看法，但USN听众倾向于用多个小组外声音提示（PSWS-美国南方人的演讲者）感知演讲者，而与扬声器相对更为负面。带有一个小组内和一个小组外提示（PNWS-伪造伪造的美国北部的演讲者）。调查结果表明，具有多个社会独立群体外部暗示的个体可能会通过社会分歧提示感知的复杂作用而经历放大的负面评估，这可能会导致在现实环境中放大的刻板印象和歧视。

Perception of Multi-Cue Indexicai Speech Leads to Amplified Stereotyping

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