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Exogenous and endogenous change in global value chains

机译：全球价值链的外源和内源性变化

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Zhan (J Int Business Policy https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-020-00088-0, 2021) identifies five major forces that will drive the transformation of global value chains (GVCs) and redefine the global trade and investment landscape. The key to understanding GVCs is to recognize the MNEs that control them. A detailed knowledge of differing contexts is required to predict the outcomes of the dynamic processes identified in his paper, but this must be analyzed on a consistent and coherent theoretical basis. The key argument made in this paper is that the impact of these trends can be traced through exogenous changes that work through the internalization, location, and governance decisions of multinational enterprises (MNEs). MNEs also initiate some of these megatrends directly through the creation of new technologies and products and through their direct influence on civil society and policy at all levels of formulation and implementation. These decisions of MNEs interact and evolve together with pressure from civil society and government policy changes to give outcomes for GVCs that are predictable but will be determined by the context of global, national, and local circumstances.
机译：Zhan（j int业务政策https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-020-00088-0，2021）确定了五大力量，这些力量将推动全球价值链（GVCS）的转变，并重新确定全球贸易和投资景观。 。理解GVC的关键是认识到控制它们的跨国公司。需要对不同上下文的详细知识来预测论文中确定的动态过程的结果，但必须以一致且一致的理论基础进行分析。本文中提出的关键论点是，可以通过通过内在化，位置和治理决策（MNE）（MNE）的内在化，位置和治理决策来追溯这些趋势的影响。跨国公司还直接通过创建新技术和产品来直接启动其中一些大趋势，并通过其直接影响公民社会和政策在各个级别的制定和实施方面的影响。跨国公司的这些决定与民间社会的压力以及政府政策变化，以给予GVC的结果，这些决定是可预测的，但将由全球，国家和当地情况的背景决定。

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