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首页> 外文期刊>Catalysis science & technology >C-N coupling reactions with arenes through C-H activation: the state-of-the-art versus the principles of green chemistry
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C-N coupling reactions with arenes through C-H activation: the state-of-the-art versus the principles of green chemistry

机译：C-N偶联反应通过C-H激活与竞技场的反应：最先进的与绿色化学原理

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摘要

Arylamine and N-arylamide moieties are omnipresent in various classes of compounds, ranging from bulk materials (e.g., polymer precursors) to fine chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals or agrochemicals. Efficient, green synthetic methods to construct the C-N bond are thus highly desired; yet due to kinetic and thermodynamic barriers and a mismatch in polarity, the ideal coupling of simple arenes and amines (or amides) is far from straightforward. Current industrial practice therefore relies on multi-step syntheses employing pre-functionalised arenes (such as aryl halides or aryl triflates), which leads to stoichiometric amounts of (salt) waste. In addition, regioselectivity problems, if any, are simply shifted to earlier synthetic stages. As an intrinsically greener alternative, direct C-N coupling strategies employing C-H activation of the arene have recently emerged, rendering pre-functionalisation of the arene obsolete. These approaches can be roughly divided in two categories: cross-dehydrogenative couplings and electrophilic amination reactions. In this perspective article, we present a brief overview of the current state-of-the-art in C-N coupling reactions through C-H activation and discuss to what extent reported systems comply with the principles of green chemistry, with a focus on heterogeneously catalysed reactions.
机译：芳基胺和N-亚酰胺部分在各种化合物中无处不在，范围从散装材料（例如聚合物前体）到细化学物质，例如药物或农化学物质。因此，高度需要构建C-N键的高效，绿色合成方法;然而，由于动力学和热力学障碍以及极性不匹配，简单领域和胺（或酰胺）的理想耦合远非直接。因此，当前的工业实践依赖于采用预官能化领域（例如芳基卤化物或芳基三烯酸酯）的多步合成，这导致了化学计量的（盐）废物。此外，区域选择性问题（如果有的话）只是简单地转移到了早期的合成阶段。作为一种本质上更绿色的替代方案，采用C-H激活的直接C-N偶联策略最近出现了，从而使Arenene过时了。这些方法可以大致分为两类：交叉氢化耦合和亲电胺化反应。在这篇观点文章中，我们简要概述了通过C-H激活中C-N偶联反应中最新的最新概述，并讨论了报告的系统在多大程度上符合绿色化学原理，重点是异构催化反应。

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