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首页> 外文期刊>Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology >Muscarinic receptors of the urinary bladder: detrusor, urothelial and prejunctional.
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Muscarinic receptors of the urinary bladder: detrusor, urothelial and prejunctional.

机译：泌尿膀胱的毒蕈碱受体：逼尿肌，尿路上皮和束缚。

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1. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for maintaining normal bladder function, contracting the bladder smooth muscle (detrusor) and relaxing the bladder outlet during micturition. 2. Contraction of the bladder involves direct contraction via M3 receptors and an indirect 're-contraction' via M2-receptors whereby a reduction in adenylate cyclase activity reverses the relaxation induced by beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. 3. Muscarinic receptors are also located on the epithelial lining of the bladder (urothelium) where they induce the release of a diffusible factor responsible for inhibiting contraction of the underlying detrusor smooth muscle. The factor remains unidentified but is not nitric oxide, a cyclooxygenase product or adenosine triphosphate. 4. Finally, muscarinic receptors are also located prejunctionally in the bladder on cholinergic and adrenergic nerve terminals, where M1-receptors facilitate transmitter release and M2 or M4-receptors inhibit transmitter release. 5. In pathological states, changes may occur in these receptor systems resulting in bladder dysfunction. Muscarinic receptor antagonists are the main therapeutic agents available for treatment of the overactive bladder, but whether their therapeutic effect involves actions at all three locations (detrusor, prejunctional, urothelial) has yet to be established.
机译：1.副交感神经系统负责维持正常的膀胱功能，收缩膀胱平滑肌（弯曲器）并在排尿期间放松膀胱出口。 2.膀胱的收缩涉及通过M3受体直接收缩和通过M2受体的间接“重新吸收”，从而减少腺苷酸环化酶活性的降低会逆转β-肾上腺肾上腺接受者刺激引起的弛豫。 3.毒蕈碱受体也位于膀胱（尿皮细胞）的上皮衬里上，它们诱导释放一种可扩散因子，负责抑制基础逆变器平滑肌的收缩。该因子仍然未鉴定，但不是一氧化氧化物，一种环氧酶产物或三磷酸腺苷。 4.最后，毒蕈碱受体在胆碱能和肾上腺能神经末端的膀胱中也位于膀胱中，其中M1受体促进发射机促进发射机释放，M2或M4受体抑制递质释放。 5.在病理状态下，这些受体系统可能发生变化，导致膀胱功能障碍。毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂是可用于治疗过度活跃的膀胱的主要治疗剂，但是它们的治疗作用是否涉及在所有三个位置（迫切，外法，尿路上皮）的作用。

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